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Occupational Heat-Related Illness

Author/s: June T Spector, Coralynn S Sack, David K Bonauto

This JAMA Insights proposes solutions to help reduce the risk of heat-related illnesses among workers.
Keywords/Tags:
heat illnesses occupational disease

Adrenal Insufficiency in Adults: A Review

Author/s: Anand Vaidya, James Findling, Irina Bancos

Importance: Adrenal insufficiency is a syndrome of cortisol deficiency and is categorized as primary, secondary, or glucocorticoid induced. Although primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency are rare, affecting less than 279 per 1 million individuals, glucocorticoid-induced adrenal...

Keywords/Tags:
adrenal adrenal insufficiency Adults

Surgery versus corticosteroid injection for carpal tunnel syndrome (DISTRICTS): an open-label, multicentre, randomised controlled trial

Author/s: Wijnand A C Palmbergen, Roy Beekman, A Marijne Heeren, Bart F L van Nuenen, Tim W H Alleman, Esther Verstraete, Korné Jellema, Wim I M Verhagen, Leo H Visser, Godard C W de Ruiter, Diederik van de Beek, Corianne A J M de Borgie, Johannes A Bogaards, Rob M A de Bie, Camiel Verhamme, Dutch CTS study group

Background: Surgery and corticosteroid injections are established treatments for carpal tunnel syndrome, but the optimal treatment strategy remains unclear. This study aimed to compare starting treatment with surgery versus starting with a corticosteroid injection.

Methods: We conducted...

Keywords/Tags:
Netherlands middle aged Humans Adrenal Cortex Hormones* / administration & dosage Adrenal Cortex Hormones* / therapeutic use Carpal Tunnel Syndrome* / drug therapy Carpal Tunnel Syndrome* / surgery Carpal Tunnel Syndrome* / therapy Decompression Surgical* / methods

What Is a Cardiac CT Calcium Score?

Author/s: Kristin L Walter

This JAMA Patient Page describes the use of cardiac computed tomography scans to look for calcium in the coronary arteries as a predictor of future atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events.
Keywords/Tags:
cardiac computed tomography calcium coronary arteries Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Coronary Vessels

What Is a Pacemaker?

Author/s: Albert Liu, Gregory M. Marcus

This JAMA Patient Page describes the body’s heart rhythm and the role of electronic pacemaker devices in maintaining heart rhythm for patients with certain conditions.
Keywords/Tags:
heart rhythm electronic pacemaker patients

Reframing Micronutrient Deficiencies for Modern times: A Review

Author/s: Azadeh Lankarani-Fard, Maria Romanova, Zhaoping Li

Micronutrient deficiencies are often discounted in as an entity of the past when access to quality nutrition was scarce. However modern-day conditions such as hemodialysis, complex medication interactions, parenteral nutrition, gastrointestinal resections, institutional living, and substance use...

Keywords/Tags:
food insecurity micronutrient deficiency vitamin deficiency

Uveitis in Adults

Author/s: Panayiotis Maghsoudlou, Simon J. Epps, Catherine M. Guly

Importance: Uveitis is characterized by inflammation of the uvea—the middle portion of the eye composed of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid—causing eye redness, pain, photophobia, floaters, and blurred vision. Untreated uveitis may cause cataracts, glaucoma, macular edema, retinal detachment...

Keywords/Tags:
human leukocyte antigen corticosteroids antimicrobial Inflammation methotrexate adalimumab uveitis anterior uveitis

Metformin for Knee Osteoarthritis in Patients With Overweight or Obesity: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Author/s: Feng Pan, Yuanyuan Wang, Yuan Z Lim, Donna M Urquhart

Importance: Preclinical and preliminary human evidence suggests that metformin, a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes, reduces inflammation, preserves cartilage, and improves knee pain in knee osteoarthritis.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of metformin on knee pain at 6 months in...

Keywords/Tags:
metformin Knee osteoarthritis overweight obesity

Diverticulitis in Older Adults: A Review of Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management

Author/s: Jessica K Hall, Mark A Supiano, Jessica N Cohan

Background: Diverticulitis accounts for over 300,000 hospitalizations annually in the United States and its incidence increases with age. Among older adults, diverticulitis is the fourth leading cause for emergency surgery. Older adults with multimorbidity and geriatric syndromes are often...

Keywords/Tags:
Diverticulitis surgical decision‐making surgical outcomes

Clinical Validation of a Vaginal Cervical Cancer Screening Self-Collection Method for At-Home Use: A Nonrandomized Clinical Trial

Author/s: Megan B Fitzpatrick, Catherine M Behrens, Karl Hibler, Courtney Parsons

Importance: One-quarter of US women who are at risk for cervical cancer delay screening. Self-collected (SC) cervical screening was recently US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved in the US for use in a health care setting only; an at-home SC option is crucial to address clinic-related...

Keywords/Tags:
Vaginal Cervical Cancer Self-Collection At-Home screening

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