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What Are Polygenic Scores and Why Are They Important?

Author/s: Sugrue, Leo P., Desikan, Rahul S.

Mendelian disorders and monogenic traits result from combinations of variants in 1 or a few genes that have a large effect on the propensity...

Keywords/Tags:
mendelian disorders monogenic traits polygenic scores genetics genomics precision health

The 10 Building Blocks of High-Performing Primary Care

Author/s: Bodenheimer, Thomas, Ghorob, Amireh, Willard-Grace, Rachel, Grumbach, Kevin

Our experiences studying exemplar primary care practices, and our work assisting other practices to become more patient centered, led to a formulation of the essential elements of primary care, which we call the 10 building blocks of high-performing primary care. The building blocks include 4...

Keywords/Tags:
medical physician’s practice patterns practice management primary health care

Vitamin D and diabetic foot ulcer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author/s: Dai, Jiezhi, Jiang, Chaoyin, Chen, Hua, Chai, Yimin

We aimed to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiency and diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) in patients with diabetes. Pubmed, EMBASE, BIOSIS, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Knowledge, last updated in July 2018, were searched. We assessed eligible studies for the association between...

Keywords/Tags:
diabetes complications risk factors diabetes vitamin D

Psyllium fiber improves glycemic control proportional to loss of glycemic control: a meta-analysis of data in euglycemic subjects, patients at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and patients being treated for type 2 diabetes mellitus

Author/s: Gibb, Roger D., McRorie, Johnson W., Russell, Darrell A., Hasselblad, Vic, D'Alessio, David A.

BACKGROUND:

A number of health benefits are associated with intake of soluble, viscous, gel-forming fibers, including reduced serum cholesterol and the attenuation of postprandial glucose excursions.

OBJECTIVE:

We assess the effects of psyllium, which is a soluble, gel-...

Keywords/Tags:
diabetes fiber glycemic glycemic control meta-analysis metabolic syndrome psyllium type 2 diabetes

Early Subthreshold Aerobic Exercise for Sport-Related Concussion: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Author/s: Leddy, John J., Haider, Mohammad N., Ellis, Michael J., Mannix, Rebekah, Darling, Scott R., Freitas, Michael S., Suffoletto, Heidi N., Leiter, Jeff, Cordingley, Dean M., Willer, Barry

IMPORTANCE:

Sport-related concussion (SRC) is a significant public health problem without an effective treatment.

OBJECTIVE:

To assess the effectiveness of subsymptom threshold aerobic exercise vs a placebo-like stretching program prescribed to adolescents in the acute phase...

Keywords/Tags:
sports concussion athletes exercise aerobic exercise

Hepatitis (and Other Liver Diseases)

This collection features the best content from AFP, as identified by the AFP editors, on hepatitis and other liver disease and related issues, including cirrhosis, chronic liver failure, hemochromatosis, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, jaundice, and nonalcoholic fatty...

Keywords/Tags:
hepatitis

Adverse Effects of First-line Pharmacologic Treatments of Major Depression in Older Adults

Author/s: Sobieraj, D.M., Baker, W.L., Martinez, B.K., Hernandez, A.V., Coleman, C.I., Ross, J.S., Berg, K.M., Steffens, D.C.

Objective. To assess selected adverse events of antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults 65 years old or older. Antidepressants included in this review, as determined by expert opinion, are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs),...

Keywords/Tags:
SSRI SNRI

Terminating a Patient: Is It Time to Part Ways?

Author/s: Willis, Deanna R., Zerr, Ann

Many family physicians chose the specialty of family medicine because of the value placed on the therapeutic relationship between the patient and the physician. When that relationship is significantly or repeatedly challenged, family physicians feel it deeply, and it’s not always clear how best...

Keywords/Tags:
family practice patients

Exercise interventions and patient beliefs for people with hip, knee or hip and knee osteoarthritis: a mixed methods review

Author/s: Hurley, Michael, Dickson, Kelly, Hallett, Rachel, Grant, Robert, Hauari, Hanan, Walsh, Nicola, Stansfield, Claire, Oliver, Sandy

BACKGROUND:

Chronic peripheral joint pain due to osteoarthritis (OA) is extremely prevalent and a major cause of physical dysfunction and psychosocial distress. Exercise is recommended to reduce joint pain and improve physical function, but the effect of exercise on psychosocial function...

Keywords/Tags:
exercise therapy chronic pain osteoarthritis

Concussion Incidence, Duration, and Return to School and Sport in 5- to 14-Year-Old American Football Athletes

Author/s: Chrisman, Sara P. D., Lowry, Sara, Herring, Stanley A., Kroshus, Emily, Hoopes, Teah R., Higgins, Shannon K., Rivara, Frederick P.

OBJECTIVE:

To collect prospective data on concussion incidence, risk factors, duration of symptoms, and return to school and sport in 5- to 14-year-old American football participants.

STUDY DESIGN:

We conducted a prospective cohort study over 2 years collecting data during...

Keywords/Tags:
child brain trauma

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