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Oral Antiviral Medications for COVID-19

Author/s: Petty, L. A., Malani, P. N.

Twonewantiviralmedications, ritonavir-boostednirmatrelvir (Paxlovid,
ie, nirmatrelvir-ritonavir) and molnupiravir (Lagevrio), are currently
available in theUS underemergency useauthorization. These 2 drugs
areauthorized for treatmentofpatientswithmild tomoderateCOVID19 who are...

Keywords/Tags:
medication Antiviral COVID-19 treatment

Mortality and Morbidity in Mild Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Results From a 10-Year Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial of Parathyroidectomy Versus Observation

Author/s: Pretorius, M., Lundstam, K., Heck, A., Fagerland, M. W., Godang, K., Mollerup, C., Fougner, S. L., Pernow, Y., Aas, T., Hessman, O., Rosen, T., Nordestrom, J., Jansson, S., Hellstrom, M., Bollerslev, J.

Background: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine disorder associated with increased risk for fractures, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and cancer and increased mortality. In mild PHPT with modest hypercalcemia and without known morbidities, parathyroidectomy (PTX) is...

Keywords/Tags:
Hyperparathyroidism mortality Morbidity trial

Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Review

Author/s: Ruopp, N. F., Cockrill, B. A.

Importance: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a subtype of pulmonary hypertension (PH), characterized by pulmonary arterial remodeling. The prevalence of PAH is approximately 10.6 cases per 1 million adults in the US. Untreated, PAH progresses to right heart failure and death.

...

Keywords/Tags:
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension diagnosis treatment PAH PH

Antiseizure Medications for Adults With Epilepsy: A Review

Author/s: Kanner, A. M., Bicchi, M. M.

Importance: Epilepsy affects approximately 65 million people worldwide. Persistent seizures are associated with a 20% to 40% risk of bodily injuries (eg, fractures, burns, concussions) over 12-month follow-up. The primary goal of epilepsy treatment is to eliminate seizures while minimizing...

Keywords/Tags:
Epilepsy Antiseizure Medication Seizures treatment

Olfactory Loss and Beyond: A Practical Review of Chemosensory Dysfunction

Author/s: Claus, L. E., Leland, E. M., Tai, K. Y., Schlosser, R. J., Kamath, V., Lane, A. P., Rowan, N. R.

Background: Our ability to smell and taste is dictated by 3 chemosensory systems with distinct physiologic mechanisms - olfaction, gustation, and chemesthesis. Although often overlooked, dysfunction of these special senses may have broad implications on multiple facets of patients' lives -...

Keywords/Tags:
aging Anosmia dementia Geriatrics Olfaction Disorders

Evaluation of a Dragons' Den-inspired symposium to spread primary health care innovations in Quebec, Canada: a mixed-methods study using quality-improvement e-surveys

Author/s: Smithman, M. A., Dumas-Pilon, M., Campbell, M. J., Breton, M.

Background: On May 24, 2017, the Quebec College of Family Physicians held an innovation symposium inspired by the television show Dragons' Den, at which innovators pitched their innovations to Dragon-Facilitators (i.e., decision-makers) and academic family medicine clinical leads. We evaluated...

Keywords/Tags:
Health Care Quebec Surveys Television

The Management of Substance Use Disorders: Synopsis of the 2021 U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and U.S. Department of Defense Clinical Practice Guideline

Author/s: Perry, C., Liberto, J., Milliken, C., Burden, J., Hagedorn, H., Atkinson, T., McKay, J. R., Mooney, L., Sall, J., Sasson, C., Saxon, A., Spevak, C., Gordon, A, J,, VA/DoD Guideline Development Group

Description: In August 2021, leadership within the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) approved a joint clinical practice guideline (CPG) for the management of substance use disorders (SUDs). This synopsis summarizes key recommendations.

Methods:...

Keywords/Tags:
Substance Use Department of Veterans Affairs Department of Defense Clinical Practice Guideline

Incidence and Estimated Vaccine Effectiveness Against Hospitalizations for All-Cause Pneumonia Among Older US Adults Who Were Vaccinated and Not Vaccinated With 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine

Author/s: Hsiao, A., Hansen, J., Timbol, J., Lewis, N., Isturiz, R., Alexander-Parrish, R., McLaughlin, J., Gessner, B. D., Klein, N. P.

Importance: Following routine use of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in children in 2010, invasive pneumococcal disease rates have decreased substantially in children and adults. In 2014, the Advisory Committee for Immunization Practices recommended routine use of PCV13 among...

Keywords/Tags:
Vaccine Effectiveness All-Cause Pneumonia 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine PCV13

Evaluating the Association Between Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Reduction and Relative and Absolute Effects of Statin Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Author/s: Byrne, P., Demasi, M., Jones, M., Smith, S. M., O'Brien, K. K., DuBroff, R.

Importance: The association between statin-induced reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and the absolute risk reduction of individual, rather than composite, outcomes, such as all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, or stroke, is unclear.

Objective: To...

Keywords/Tags:
"Cholesterol Statin Treatment meta-analysis Systemic Review

Diagnosis and management of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome

Author/s: Raj, S. R., Fedorowski, A., Sheldon, R. S.

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a chronic multisystem disorder; the cardinal feature is orthostatic tachycardia.

Patients with POTS have symptoms of orthostatic intolerance that improve with recumbence.

Girls and women are more commonly affected with POTS,...

Keywords/Tags:
POTS diagnosis management Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome

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