Globally, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease is estimated to be approximately 850 million cases, with approximately 4 million individuals needing kidney replacement therapy for kidney failure. By 2050, chronic kidney disease is projected to become the fifth leading underlying cause of...
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Measles 2025
Measles is a highly contagious virus with a primary case reproduction number (i.e., the average number of secondary cases per case patient) of 12 to 18. It is currently spreading rapidly owing to reduced measles vaccination coverage, which is due primarily to the disruption of local immunization...
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Climate Change, Allergic Rhinitis, and Sinusitis
Allergic rhinitis affects approximately 1 in 6 adults, and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) affects approximately 1 in 8 adults in the US.1,2 Climate change, due in part to rising global temperatures secondary to release of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases, is a growing public health...
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Reducing the risk of pet-associated zoonotic infections
Pet ownership can have health, emotional and social benefits; however, pets can serve as a source of zoonotic pathogens. One large, regional survey reported more than 75% of households having contact with a pet,1 and close, intimate interactions with pets (e.g., sleeping in beds with owners,...
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Updated Evidence for Covid-19, RSV, and Influenza Vaccines for 2025–2026
Background: Changes in the vaccine advisory process in the United States have disrupted immunization guidance, which reinforces the need for independent evidence review to inform decisions regarding immunization for respiratory viruses during the 2025-2026 season.
Methods: We conducted a...
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Colchicine for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular events
Rationale
People with cardiovascular disease are at risk of recurrent major adverse cardiovascular events, and chronic low‐grade inflammation may be a major underlying factor. Treatment with low‐dose colchicine has been proposed for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in...
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Therapeutic Use of Cannabis and Cannabinoids: A Review
Importance: Approximately 27% of adults in the US and Canada report having ever used cannabis for medical purposes. An estimated 10.5% of the US population reports using cannabidiol (CBD), a chemical compound extracted from cannabis that does not have psychoactive effects, for therapeutic...
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Open Access Canadian guideline on HIV pre- and postexposure prophylaxis: 2025 update
Background: New HIV infections occur annually in Canada, highlighting the need for pre- and postexposure prophylaxis (PrEP and PEP). Through the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Pan-Canadian Network for HIV/AIDS and STBBI (sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections) Clinical...
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Lung Cancer in Nonsmoking Individuals: A Review
Importance: Lung cancer in nonsmoking individuals (defined as people who have smoked fewer than 100 cigarettes in their lifetime) accounts for 15% to 20% of all lung cancer cases worldwide. In the US, the annual incidence of lung cancer in nonsmoking individuals is 14.4 to 20.8 per 100 000...
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Addressing Faith-Based Concerns about Vaccination
Religious beliefs are cited as one cause of declining vaccination rates, and religious participation has been associated with hesitancy to receive vaccines. However, many personal vaccine objections attributed to faith-based reasons are more likely matters of personal faith interpretation rather...
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