Importance IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a chronic kidney disease involving deposition of IgA-containing immune complexes in the glomerulus, causing glomerular inflammation and scarring. It is the most common immune-mediated glomerular disease worldwide, and affects an estimated 198 887 to 208 184...
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Restless Legs Syndrome: A Review
Importance Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a sleep-related movement disorder that affects approximately 3% of US adults to a clinically significant extent and can cause substantial sleep disturbance.
Observations Restless legs syndrome is characterized by an overwhelming urge to move...
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Does This Patient Have Volume Overload? The Rational Clinical Examination
Importance: Accurate assessment of intravascular volume facilitates management decisions about fluid management in patients with volume overload.
Objective: To identify the most accurate clinical examination, radiographic, and laboratory findings for assessing volume overload in...
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Vulvar cancer
Vulvar cancer is an underrecognized gynecologic malignant disease. The incidence of vulvar cancer is 2.3 per 100 000 people in Canada, and is increasing with the rising prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV). More than 90% of vulvar cancers are squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), mostly diagnosed...
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Private Well Water Safety: Practical Counseling Strategies for Primary Care
In the US, 23 million households rely on private wells for their drinking water, yet these wells are unregulated and unmonitored, and thus vulnerable to contamination. These exposures may lead to significant health consequences, including both acute manifestations and chronic disease. Primary...
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Pertussis Infection in Adults
Pertussis, or whooping cough, is a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by Bordetella pertussis, a fastidious gram-negative coccobacillus that is a human pathogen without known animal or environmental reservoirs. There are 8 additional known Bordetella species, 3 of which can cause...
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Sentinel injuries and indicators of child physical abuse
Signs of physical abuse in pre-cruising infants are often overlooked
Sentinel injuries are minor, unexplained injuries in pre-cruising infants that are often the first indication of physical abuse, which may precede more serious harm. In one study, more than 25% of abused infants had had a...
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Type 1 Diabetes: A Review
Importance Type 1 diabetes is defined by hyperglycemia due to autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, leading to insulin deficiency, and accounts for 5% to 10% of all cases of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes affects approximately 2 million people in the US and 8.4...
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Evidence-Based Footwear Recommendations for Older Adults: Enhancing Mobility, Comfort, and Fall Prevention
Background: Older adults often struggle to find footwear suitable for their clinical needs, thus affecting mobility, safety, and quality of life. Proper footwear is important due to fall risk, balance impairments, knee osteoarthritis (OA), hallux rigidus, plantar fasciitis, diabetic neuropathy,...
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AAP Releases Its Own Childhood and Adolescent Immunization Schedule
The AAP recommends vaccines to protect children against 18 diseases. The updated CDC schedule removed routine recommendations for hepatitis A and B, COVID-19, respiratory syncytial virus, rotavirus, influenza, and meningococcal disease, instead only recommending them for certain groups at high...
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