Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) or Willis‑Ekbom Disease is a sensorimotor condition marked by an irresistible need to move the legs, typically accompanied by uncomfortable sensations that peak during periods of rest and disrupt nightly sleep. Early identification in primary care is essential, as...
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Adrenal Insufficiency in Adults: A Review
Importance: Adrenal insufficiency is a syndrome of cortisol deficiency and is categorized as primary, secondary, or glucocorticoid induced. Although primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency are rare, affecting less than 279 per 1 million individuals, glucocorticoid-induced adrenal...
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Cutaneous Melanoma: A Review
Importance: Melanoma, the fifth most common cancer in the US, has increased from 8.8 per 100 000 in 1975 to 28.42 per 100 000 in 2022. Cutaneous melanoma comprises 94% of cases, with 104 960 US cases projected for 2025.
Observations: Cutaneous melanoma presents as a new, changing, or...
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Hemorrhoidal Disease: A Review
Importance Hemorrhoidal disease, pathology of the tissue lining of the anal canal, affects approximately 10 million individuals in the US. Hemorrhoidal disease may impair quality of life due to bleeding, pain, anal irritation, and tissue prolapse.
Observations Hemorrhoids are classified...
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Diagnosis and Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
This Clinical Insights discusses the role primary care clinicians have in screening, diagnostic testing, and treatment of patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
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Prostatitis: A Review
Importance Prostatitis is defined as infection, inflammation, or pain of the prostate gland and affects approximately 9.3% of men in their lifetime.
Observations Acute bacterial prostatitis consists of a urinary tract infection (UTI) that includes infection of the prostate, typically...
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The 2024 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Long COVID Definition: What Clinicians Need to Know
Millions of Americans affected by Long COVID (LC) report difficulty accessing care and support. One barrier is obtaining a diagnosis. In response, US federal agencies commissioned a National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) committee to re-examine the existing federal...
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Understanding and Managing Headaches in Children and Teens
This JAMA Pediatrics Patient Page discusses symptoms and treatment of headaches in children and teens.
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As-Needed Albuterol–Budesonide in Mild Asthma
Background: As-needed use of albuterol-budesonide has been shown to result in a significantly lower risk of severe asthma exacerbation than as-needed use of albuterol alone among patients with moderate-to-severe asthma. Data on albuterol-budesonide in mild asthma are needed.
Methods: We...
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