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Effect of fluvoxamine on outcomes of nonhospitalized patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Author/s: 
Lu, L., Chao, C., Chang, S., Lan, S., Lai, C.

Objectives: This meta-analysis investigated the use of fluvoxamine for the treatment of nonhospitalized patients with COVID-19.

Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid medline, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library databases, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for studies published before June 25, 2022. Only clinical studies that compared the efficacy and safety of fluvoxamine with other alternatives or placebos in the treatment of nonhospitalized patients with COVID-19 were included.

Results: Four studies with 1814 patients, of whom 912 received fluvoxamine, were included in this study. Compared with the control group receiving placebo or no therapy, the study group receiving fluvoxamine demonstrated a lower risk of hospitalization and emergency department (ED) visits (odds ratio [OR], 0.59; 95 % CI, 0.44-0.79; I2 = 26 %). In addition, the rate of hospitalization remained significantly lower in patients who received fluvoxamine than in the control group (OR, 0.69; 95 % CI, 0.51-0.94; I2 = 36 %). Although the study group demonstrated a lower risk of requirement of mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit admission, and mortality than the control group, these differences were nonsignificant. Finally, fluvoxamine use was associated with a similar risk of adverse events as that observed in the control group.

Conclusion: Fluvoxamine can be safely used in nonhospitalized patients with COVID-19 and can reduce the hospitalization rate or ED visits in these patients.

Keywords: COVID-19; Emergency department; Fluvoxamine; Hospitalization; SARS-CoV-2.

Keywords 
Odds Ratio Artificial respiration control groups hospitalization bibliometrics

Sacral Neuromodulation for Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction

Author/s: 
Liechti, M. D., van der Lely, S., Knüpfer, S. C., Abt, D., Kiss, B., Lietner, L., Mordasini, L., Tornic, J., Wöllner, J., Mehnert, U., Bachmann, L. M., Burkhard, F. C., Engeler, D. S., Pannek, J., Kessler, T. M.

BACKGROUND
Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) is a highly prevalent and disabling condition; nevertheless, standard treatments often remain unsatisfactory. Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is a well-established therapy for non-NLUTD, but there is a lack of randomized controlled trials to show benefit in patients with NLUTD.

METHODS
For this sham-controlled, double-blind, multicenter trial, patients with refractory NLUTD (and intended SNM) were recruited at four Swiss SNM referral centers. After lead placement into the sacral foramina S3 (rarely, S4), all participants underwent SNM testing. If successful (≥50% improvement in key bladder diary variables), the neurostimulator was implanted for permanent stimulation. For 2 months, neuromodulation was optimized using subsensory stimulation with individually adjusted parameters. Thereafter, the neurostimulator remained on or was switched off (1:1 random allocation to group SNM ON or SNM OFF, respectively) for 2 months, followed by a neurourologic reevaluation. The primary outcome was success, as defined above, of SNM compared with baseline.

RESULTS
Of 124 patients undergoing SNM testing, 65 (52%) had successfully improved lower urinary tract function. Of these, 60 patients (median age, 49.5 years; 43 women) were randomly assigned to the intervention. After 2 months of intervention, the SNM ON group demonstrated a success rate of 76%. In the SNM OFF group, 42% of patients showed sustained SNM effects despite their neurostimulator being switched off during the last 2 months (odds ratio, 4.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.43 to 13.21; P=0.009). During the entire study period, there were 11 adverse events (6 dropouts; no dropouts during the intervention phase).

CONCLUSIONS
SNM effectively corrected refractory NLUTD in the short term in well-selected neurologic patients. (Funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation, Vontobel–Stiftung, Gottfried und Julia Bangerter–Rhyner Stiftung, Dr. Urs Mühlebach, and the Swiss Continence Foundation; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02165774.)

Keywords 
Sacral Neuromodulation Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction referral and consultation Odds Ratio Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
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