contraception

Background: Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are one of the most effective, long-lasting, and convenient contraceptive methods available in the United States. Unfortunately, the anticipated pain and anxiety associated with an IUD insertion procedure deter many people from using this contraceptive method.

Methods: A literature review was conducted on PubMed by searching the terms “IUD insertion”, “pain management”, “anxiety”, “gynecologic procedures”. The Cochrane database was also searched for reviews about pain management methods during IUD insertions. Findings were summarized using the American Academy of Family Physicians’ Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT) scale.

Results: Pharmacologic methods that can be used to reduce pain with IUD insertion include naproxen, tramadol, lidocaine paracervical blocks, 10% lidocaine spray, lidocaine-prilocaine cream, and EMLA cream. Non-pharmacologic methods for reducing pain or anxiety during gynecologic procedures include pre-insertion counseling, “verbal analgesia”, lavender aromatherapy, distraction with music or television, using Valsalva maneuver instead of tenaculum during IUD insertion, and use of heating pad during procedure.

Conclusion: Moderately effective pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic methods exist for reducing pain and anxiety with IUD insertion. These treatment methods should be offered to create a more comfortable experience for patients. Additional research is needed to determine the comparative efficacy of these methods.