A pragmatic approach to the management of menopause

Menopause is defined as 1 year of amenorrhea caused by
declining ovarian reserve or as the onset of vasomotor
symptoms in people with iatrogenic amenorrhea. It is preceded
by perimenopause or the menopause transition, which can last
for as long as 10 years. Although many treatments exist for
menopausal symptoms, fears around the risks of menopausal
hormone therapy and lack of knowledge regarding treatment
options often impede patients from receiving treatment. In this
review, we summarize the evidence for treating menopausal
symptoms and discuss their risks and benefits to help guide
clinicians to evaluate and treat patients during the menopausal
transition (Box 1).
• Menopausal symptoms can occur for as long as 10 years before
the last menstrual period and are associated with substantial
morbidity and negative impacts on quality of life.
• Menopausal hormone therapy is indicated as first-line
treatment of vasomotor symptoms, and is a safe treatment
option for patients with no contraindications.
• Though less effective, nonhormonal treatments also exist to
treat vasomotor symptoms and sleep disturbances.
• It is critical that clinicians inquire about symptoms during the
menopause transition and discuss treatment options with
their patients.