Guidelines for primary care clinicians on monitoring and safety guidelines regarding Janus kinase and tyrosine kinase 2 inhibitors in the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions are often unclear. This review aims to provide the primary care physician with a review of clinically relevant and...
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JAK 1-3 inhibitors and TYK-2 inhibitors in dermatology: Practical pearls for the primary care physician
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Approach to otitis externa
Objective: To provide family physicians with a practical evidence-based approach to management of otitis externa.
Sources of information: The approach described is based on MEDLINE and PubMed literature published between 1993 and 2023.
Main message: Otitis externa is diffuse...
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Acupuncture vs Sham Acupuncture for Chronic Sciatica From Herniated Disk: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Importance: Sciatica is commonly caused by herniated lumbar disc and contributes to severe pain and prolonged disability. Although acupuncture is widely used by patients with chronic sciatica, the evidence of its efficacy is scarce.
Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of...
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Preexposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV
Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) involves use of antiviral medication for HIV prevention in HIV-negative adults or adolescents at risk for HIV through sex or injection drug use. The United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) recently set a goal for 95% of people at risk of HIV (approximately 10...
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Arm Position and Blood Pressure Readings: The ARMS Crossover Randomized Clinical Trial
Importance: Guidelines for blood pressure (BP) measurement recommend arm support on a desk with the midcuff positioned at heart level. Still, nonstandard positions are used in clinical practice (eg, with arm resting on the lap or unsupported on the side).
Objective: To determine the...
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Dialysis for Chronic Kidney Failure: A Review
Importance: More than 3.5 million people worldwide and 540 000 individuals in the US receive maintenance hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis for the treatment of chronic kidney failure. The 5-year survival rate is approximately 40% after initiation of maintenance dialysis.
Observations:...
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Aortic valve replacement versus conservative treatment in asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis: long-term follow-up of the AVATAR trial
Background and aims: The question of when and how to treat truly asymptomatic patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) and normal left ventricular (LV) systolic function is still subject to debate and ongoing research. Here, the results of extended follow-up of the AVATAR trial are reported (...
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Long-Term Oxygen Therapy for 24 or 15 Hours per Day in Severe Hypoxemia
Background: Long-term oxygen supplementation for at least 15 hours per day prolongs survival among patients with severe hypoxemia. On the basis of a nonrandomized comparison, long-term oxygen therapy has been recommended to be used for 24 hours per day, a more burdensome regimen.
Methods...
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Long-Term Use of Muscle Relaxant Medications for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review
Importance: Stricter opioid prescribing guidelines have increased prescriptions of skeletal muscle relaxants (SMRs) for chronic pain, but the efficacy of long-term use of SMRs for chronic pain is unknown.
Objective: To systematically review the effectiveness or efficacy of long-term use...
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Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in heart failure: an individual patient level meta-analysis
Background: Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) reduce hospitalisations and death in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), but the benefit in patients with heart failure and mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) or heart failure and preserved ejection...
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