Using Insulin to Treat Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes in 2020

A potentially useful decision algorithm for management of patients with Type 2 diabetes, which includes early consideration of use of basal insulin in patients with A1c > 9%. James W. Mold, MD, MPH

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Author/s:

Hirsch, IB, Gaudiani, LM

Health Economic Benefits and Quality of Life During Improved Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Jeffrey Wilson — Mon, 22 Oct 2018 15:48:45 +0000

Date Added:

November 1, 2018

Journal/Publication:

JAMA

Publisher:

American Medical Association

Publication Date:

November 4, 1998

Issue:

Volume:

280

Pages:

1490-1496

URL:

Health Economic Benefits and Quality of Life During Improved Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Type:

Clinical Research Results

Format:

Article

Keywords

diabetes

blood gluclose

PMID (1):

9809729

MeSH

blood glucose

diabetes mellitus, type 2

quality of life

This is a classic article from 1998 documenting the symptomatic benefits of lowering Hgb A1c from 9.3% to 7.5%. In patients over 65, this may be the major reason for treating type 2 diabetes.

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CONTEXT:

Although the long-term health benefits of good glycemic control in patients with diabetes are well documented, shorter-term quality of life (QOL) and economic savings generally have been reported to be minimal or absent.

OBJECTIVE:

To examine short-term outcomes of glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

DESIGN:

Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel trial.

SETTING:

Sixty-two sites in the United States.

PARTICIPANTS:

A total of 569 male and female volunteers with type 2 DM.

INTERVENTION:

After a 3-week, single-blind placebo-washout period, participants were randomized to diet and titration with either 5 to 20 mg of glipizide gastrointestinal therapeutic system (GITS) (n = 377) or placebo (n = 192) for 12 weeks.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

Change from baseline in glucose and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and symptom distress, QOL, and health economic indicators by questionnaires and diaries.

RESULTS:

After 12 weeks, mean (+/-SE) HbA1c and fasting blood glucose levels decreased with active therapy (glipizide GITS) vs placebo (7.5% 0.1% vs 9.3%+/-0.1% and 7.0+/-0.1 mmol/L [126+/-2 mg/dL] vs 9.3+/-0.2 mmol/L [168+/-4 mg/ dL], respectively; P<.001). Quality-of-life treatment differences (SD units) for symptom distress (+0.59; P<.001), general perceived health (+0.36; P= .004), cognitive functioning (+0.34; P=.005), and the overall visual analog scale (VAS) (+0.24; P=.04) were significantly more favorable for active therapy. Subscales of acuity (+0.38; P=.002), VAS emotional health (+0.35; P=.003), general health (+0.27; P=.01), sleep (+0.26; P=.04), depression (+0.25; P=.05), disorientation and detachment (+0.23; P= .05), and vitality (+0.22; P=.04) were most affected. Favorable health economic outcomes for glipizide GITS included higher retained employment (97% vs 85%; P<.001), greater productive capacity (99% vs 87%; P<.001), less absenteeism (losses = $24 vs $115 per worker per month; P<.001), fewer bed-days (losses = $1539 vs $1843 per 1000 person-days; P=.05), and fewer restricted-activity days (losses = $2660 vs $4275 per 1000 person-days; P=.01).

CONCLUSIONS:

Improved glycemic control of type 2 DM is associated with substantial short-term symptomatic, QOL, and health economic benefits.

Author/s:

Testa, Marcia A., Simonson, Donald C.