Pregnant Persons

The USPSTF now recommends all woman who may become pregnant take folic acid supplements to prevent neural tube defects in their babies. James W. Mold, MD. MPH

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Recommendations made by the USPSTF are independent of the U.S. government. They should not be construed as an official position of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

Infant pacifier sanitization and risk of challenge-proven food allergy: A cohort study

Devin Evans — Thu, 29 Apr 2021 05:00:00 +0000

Date Added:

April 29, 2021

Journal/Publication:

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Publication Date:

March 19, 2021

Issue:

Volume:

S0091-6749

Pages:

00221-9

URL:

Infant pacifier sanitization and risk of challenge-proven food allergy: A cohort study

Type:

Clinical Research Results

Format:

Article

DOI (1):

10.1016/j.jaci.2021.01.032

Keywords

PMID (1):

33810856

MeSH

infant

pregnancy

Anti-Infective Agents, Local

Food Hypersensitivity

Immune System

Sterilization of infant pacifiers appears to increase the risk of subsequent food allergies. James W. Mold, MD, MPH.

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Background: Environmental microbial exposure plays a role in immune system development and susceptibility to food allergy.

Objective: We sought to investigate whether infant pacifier use during the first postnatal year, with further consideration of sanitization, alters the risk of food allergy by age 1 year.

Methods: The birth cohort recruited pregnant mothers at under 28 weeks' gestation in southeast Australia, with 894 families followed up when infants turned 1 year. Infants were excluded if born under 32 weeks, with a serious illness, major congenital malformation, or genetic disease. Questionnaire data, collected at recruitment and infant ages 1, 6, and 12 months, included pacifier use and pacifier sanitization (defined as the joint exposure of a pacifier and cleaning methods). Challenge-proven food allergy was assessed at 12 months.

Results: Any pacifier use at 6 months was associated with food allergy (adjusted odds ratio, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.04-3.61), but not pacifier use at other ages. This overall association was driven by the joint exposure of pacifier-antiseptic use (adjusted odds ratio, 4.83; 95% CI, 1.10-21.18) compared with no pacifier use. Using pacifiers without antiseptic at 6 months was not associated with food allergy. Among pacifier users, antiseptic cleaning was still associated with food allergy (adjusted odds ratio, 3.56; 95% CI, 1.18-10.77) compared with no antiseptic use. Furthermore, persistent and repeated antiseptic use over the first 6 months was associated with higher food allergy risk (P = .029).

Conclusions: This is the first report of a pacifier-antiseptic combination being associated with a higher risk of subsequent food allergy. Future work should investigate underlying biological pathways.

Keywords: Pacifier; antiseptic; birth cohort; dummy; food allergy; microbial exposure; sanitization.

Author/s:

Soriano, V.X., Koplin, J.J., Forrester, M., Peters, R.L., O'Hely, M., Dharmage, S.C., Wright, R., Ranaganathan, S., Burgner, D., Thompson, K., Dwyer, T., Vuilerman, P., Ponsonby, A.

Interventions for Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Persons: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement

Devin Evans — Thu, 21 Jan 2021 06:00:00 +0000

Date Added:

January 21, 2021

Journal/Publication:

Journal of the American Medical Association

Publication Date:

January 19, 2021

Issue:

Volume:

Pages:

265-279

URL:

Interventions for Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Persons: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement

Type:

Meta-analyses, Reviews, and Guidelines

Format:

Article

DOI (1):

10.1001/jama.2020.25019

Keywords

Recommendation Statement

PMID (1):

33464343

MeSH

pregnancy

electronic nicotine delivery systems

2021 USPSTF recommendations regarding Interventions for Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Adults. James W. Mold, MD, MPH

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Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of disease, disability, and death in the US. In 2014, it was estimated that 480 000 deaths annually are attributed to cigarette smoking, including second hand smoke exposure. Smoking during pregnancy can increase the risk of numerous adverse pregnancy outcomes (eg, miscarriage and congenital anomalies) and complications in the offspring (including sudden infant death syndrome and impaired lung function in childhood). In 2019, an estimated 50.6 million US adults (20.8% of the adult population) used tobacco; 14.0% of the US adult population currently smoked cigarettes and 4.5% of the adult population used electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). Among pregnant US women who gave birth in 2016, 7.2% reported smoking cigarettes while pregnant

Author/s:

US Preventative Services task Force