vaccines

Vaccination has prevented serious illness and death in children and adults for more than 200 years. However, conflicting statements and misleading information about the benefits and risks of vaccines are becoming more common. This is especially true on the internet and social media. Many of these conflicting statements appear to come from experts, which can lead to confusion about which information to trust. Finding accurate information about vaccines is important for people trying to make healthy decisions for themselves and their families.

Author/s:

Michael A. Incze, Jerard Z. Kneifati-Hayek

AAP Releases Its Own Childhood and Adolescent Immunization Schedule

Megan George — Mon, 23 Feb 2026 17:20:20 +0000

Date Added:

February 23, 2026

Journal/Publication:

JAMA

Publication Date:

February 13, 2026

URL:

AAP Releases Its Own Childhood and Adolescent Immunization Schedule

Type:

Meta-analyses, Reviews, and Guidelines

Format:

Article

DOI (1):

10.1001/jama.2025.26393

Keywords

Immunization Schedule

Respiratory Syncytial Viruses

Human Papillomavirus Viruses

PMID (1):

41686462

MeSH

Immunization Schedule

Respiratory Syncytial Viruses

Human Papillomavirus Viruses

Updated 2026 childhood immunization guidelines from the AAP. James W. Mold, MD, MPH

The AAP recommends vaccines to protect children against 18 diseases. The updated CDC schedule removed routine recommendations for hepatitis A and B, COVID-19, respiratory syncytial virus, rotavirus, influenza, and meningococcal disease, instead only recommending them for certain groups at high risk of infection or based on shared clinical decision-making. The AAP continues to suggest vaccines for these diseases.

There are also differences regarding administration. For example, the new CDC schedule recommends that children aged 4 to 6 years receive both a measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine and a monovalent varicella vaccine, but the AAP also supports a combination vaccine that covers all 4 viruses. And although the CDC recommends 1 dose of the human papillomavirus virus vaccine at ages 11 to 12 years, the AAP recommends 2 doses starting at ages 9 to 12 years.

Recommendations from the AAP are based on a review of vaccine safety data and the epidemiology of US diseases, the organization said. It added that insurance coverage and liability protection are expected to continue for all vaccines on the CDC schedule—even those no longer considered routine—according to federal officials.

Author/s:

Samantha Anderer

Measles 2025

Megan George — Mon, 05 Jan 2026 14:42:59 +0000

Date Added:

January 5, 2026

Journal/Publication:

New England Journal of Medicine

Publication Date:

June 25, 2025

URL:

Measles 2025

Type:

Meta-analyses, Reviews, and Guidelines

Format:

Article

DOI (1):

10.1056/NEJMra2504516

Keywords

MeSH

Vaccination Hesitancy

World Health Organization

Immunization Programs

Measles Vaccine

A review of our current understanding of measles. James W. Mold, MD, MPH

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Measles is a highly contagious virus with a primary case reproduction number (i.e., the average number of secondary cases per case patient) of 12 to 18. It is currently spreading rapidly owing to reduced measles vaccination coverage, which is due primarily to the disruption of local immunization programs by the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic and of growing vaccine hesitancy.1 Since 2024, all World Health Organization (WHO) regions have reported increased numbers of measles cases, with 395,521 laboratory-confirmed measles cases reported in 2024 and 16,147 reported during the first 2 months of 2025.2 Patients in more than half the reported cases were hospitalized, so the true number is probably much higher.3
This review covers clinical presentations and complications of measles, current recommendations, and the epidemiologic background of measles. It also addresses the current debates on immunization and the treatment of measles and presents information on the origins of the various measles vaccines and updates on measles diagnostic testing and molecular genotypes.

Author/s:

Lien Anh Ha Do, Kim Mulholland

Updated Evidence for Covid-19, RSV, and Influenza Vaccines for 2025–2026

Megan George — Thu, 11 Dec 2025 22:01:49 +0000

Date Added:

December 11, 2025

Journal/Publication:

New England Journal of Medicine

Publication Date:

October 29, 2025

URL:

Updated Evidence for Covid-19, RSV, and Influenza Vaccines for 2025–2026

Type:

Meta-analyses, Reviews, and Guidelines

DOI (1):

10.1056/NEJMsa2514268

Keywords

PMID (1):

41160817

MeSH

COVID-19 Vaccines* / administration & dosage

COVID-19 Vaccines* / adverse effects

COVID-19 Vaccines* / immunology

COVID-19* / epidemiology

COVID-19* / prevention & control

Guillain-Barre Syndrome / epidemiology

Hospitalization / statistics & numerical data

Vaccine Efficacy* / statistics & numerical data

An updated summary of the effectiveness data for influenza, COVID, and RSV vaccines. James W. Mold, MD, MPH

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Background: Changes in the vaccine advisory process in the United States have disrupted immunization guidance, which reinforces the need for independent evidence review to inform decisions regarding immunization for respiratory viruses during the 2025-2026 season.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review of U.S.-licensed immunizations against coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and influenza. We searched databases on PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science for updates of the most recent review by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Evidence-to-Recommendations for each disease, which was performed during the 2023-2024 period. Outcomes included vaccine efficacy and effectiveness against hospitalization, other clinical end points, and safety.

Results: Of 17,263 identified references, 511 studies met the inclusion criteria. Covid-19 mRNA vaccines against the XBB.1.5 subvariant had pooled vaccine effectiveness against hospitalization of 46% (95% confidence interval [CI], 34 to 55; from cohort studies) and 50% (95% CI, 43 to 57; from case-control studies) among adults and 37% (95% CI, 29 to 44) among immunocompromised adults. In a case-control study, vaccines against the KP.2 subvariant showed an effectiveness of 68% (95% CI, 42 to 82). Maternal RSV vaccination (for infant protection), nirsevimab for infants, and RSV vaccines in adults who were 60 years of age or older showed vaccine effectiveness of 68% or more against hospitalization. Influenza vaccination had a pooled vaccine effectiveness of 48% (95% CI, 39 to 55) in adults between the ages of 18 and 64 years and 67% (95% CI, 58 to 75) in children against hospitalization. Safety profiles were consistent with previous evaluations. The diagnosis of myocarditis associated with Covid-19 vaccines occurred at rates of 1.3 to 3.1 per 100,000 doses in male adolescents, with lower risk associated with longer dosing intervals. The RSVpreF vaccine was associated with 18.2 excess cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome per million doses in older adults; a significant association with preterm birth was not observed when the vaccine was administered at 32 to 36 weeks' gestation.

Conclusions: Ongoing peer-reviewed evidence supports the safety and effectiveness of immunizations against Covid-19, RSV, and influenza during the 2025-2026 season. (Funded by the Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy and the Alumbra Innovations Foundation.).

Author/s:

Michael S. Abers, Jake Scott, Harleen K. Marwah, Nicole C. McCann, Eric A. Meyerowitz, Aaron Richterman, Derek F. Fleming, Caitlin M. Dugdale

What RSV Is and Why Immunization Matters

Megan George — Tue, 04 Nov 2025 15:48:19 +0000

Date Added:

November 4, 2025

Journal/Publication:

JAMA Pediatrics Patient Page

Publication Date:

September 29, 2025

URL:

What RSV Is and Why Immunization Matters

Type:

Patient Education Materials

Format:

Poster

DOI (1):

10.1001/jamapediatrics.2025.3096

Keywords

pediatrics

RSV

respiratory synytial virus vaccines

immunizations

vaccines

PMID (1):

41021255

MeSH

infant

child

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines* / therapeutic use

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines* / administration & dosage

Respiration Disorders

Information for parents about RSV. James W. Mold, MD, MPH

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This JAMA Pediatrics Patient Page describes respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in children and how to prevent its spread.

Author/s:

Alistair Mukondiwa, Callie L. Brown, Lindsay A. Thompson

2025 Immunization Schedules approved by ACIP

Alex Haga — Sun, 01 Dec 2024 19:18:10 +0000

Date Added:

December 1, 2024

Journal/Publication:

US Center for Disease Control and Prevention

Publication Date:

November 21, 2024

URL:

2025 Immunization Schedules approved by ACIP

Type:

Public Health Announcements

Format:

Article

Keywords

Immunization

Immunization Schedule

schedule

vaccines

MeSH

Immunization Schedule

vaccines

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.

Printable 2025 ACIP immunization schedule recommendations. James W. Mold, MD, MPH

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The 2025 Immunization Schedules approved by ACIP and adopted by the CDC Director on October 24, 2024 are now available below.

Covid-19 Vaccines — Immunity, Variants, Boosters

Aubrey Delammermore — Thu, 08 Sep 2022 05:00:00 +0000

Date Added:

September 8, 2022

Journal/Publication:

The New England Journal of Medicine

Publisher:

Massachusetts Medical Society

Publication Date:

August 31, 2022

URL:

Covid-19 Vaccines — Immunity, Variants, Boosters

Type:

Meta-analyses, Reviews, and Guidelines

Format:

Article

DOI (1):

10.1056/NEJMra2206573

Keywords

PMID (1):

36044620

MeSH

Vaccination Hesitancy

A summary of the current state of knowledge regarding COVID vaccines and emerging COVID variants. James W. Mold, MD, MPH

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic has claimed an estimated 15 million lives, including more than 1 million lives in the United States alone. The rapid development of multiple Covid-19 vaccines has been a triumph of biomedical research, and billions of vaccine doses have been administered worldwide. Challenges facing the Covid-19 vaccine field include inequitable vaccine distribution, vaccine hesitancy, waning immunity, and the emergence of highly transmissible viral variants that partially escape antibodies. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge about immune responses to Covid-19 vaccines and the importance of both humoral and cellular immunity for durable protection against severe disease.

Author/s:

Barouch, D. H.

Allergic Reactions Including Anaphylaxis After Receipt of the First Dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine

Devin Evans — Wed, 27 Jan 2021 06:00:00 +0000

Date Added:

January 27, 2021

Journal/Publication:

The Journal of the American Medical Association

Publication Date:

January 21, 2021

URL:

Allergic Reactions Including Anaphylaxis After Receipt of the First Dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine

Type:

Clinical Research Results

Format:

Article

DOI (1):

10.1001/jama.2021.0600

Keywords

Pfizer–BioNTech mRNA vaccine

Anaphylaxis

Allergic reactions

PMID (1):

33475702

MeSH

A review of cases of severe allergic reactions to the SARS-2 vaccines. The reported rate is around 11 cases per million doses. There have been no deaths reported so far. James W. Mold, MD, MPH.

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On December 11, 2020, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for the Pfizer-BioNTech coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine, administered as 2 doses separated by 21 days.1 Shortly after, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) issued an interim recommendation for its use.2 Following implementation of vaccination, reports of anaphylaxis after the first dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine emerged.3 Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening allergic reaction that occurs rarely after vaccination, with onset typically within minutes to hours.4

Notifications and reports of suspected severe allergic reactions and anaphylaxis following vaccination were captured in the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), the national passive surveillance (spontaneous reporting) system for adverse events after immunization.5 Physicians at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) evaluated these reports and applied Brighton Collaboration case definition criteria6 to classify case reports as anaphylaxis or not anaphylaxis. Nonallergic adverse events, mostly vasovagal or anxiety-related, were excluded from the analysis. Anaphylaxis and nonanaphylaxis allergic reaction cases with symptom onset occurring later than the day after vaccination were also excluded because of the difficulty in clearly attributing allergic reactions with delayed onset after vaccination. Because the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine was only available beginning December 21, 2020, this article focuses on the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine.

During December 14 to 23, 2020, after administration of a reported 1 893 360 first doses of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine (1 177 527 in women, 648 327 in men, and 67 506 with sex of recipient not reported),3 CDC identified 21 case reports submitted to VAERS that met Brighton Collaboration case definition criteria for anaphylaxis (Table), corresponding to an estimated rate of 11.1 cases per million doses administered. Four patients (19%) were hospitalized (including 3 in intensive care), and 17 (81%) were treated in an emergency department; 20 (95%) are known to have been discharged home or had recovered at the time of the report to VAERS. No deaths from anaphylaxis were reported.

Author/s:

Shimabukuro, T., Nair, N.

Maintaining Safety with SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines

Devin Evans — Thu, 14 Jan 2021 06:00:00 +0000

Date Added:

January 14, 2021

Journal/Publication:

The New England Journal of Medicine

Publication Date:

December 30, 2020

URL:

Maintaining Safety with SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines

Type:

Meta-analyses, Reviews, and Guidelines

Format:

Article

DOI (1):

10.1056/NEJMra2035343

Keywords

Pfizer–BioNTech mRNA vaccine

Pfizer

PMID (1):

33378605

MeSH

SARS-CoV-2

vaccination

COVID-19 Vaccines

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems

COVID-19

Experience with and recommendations for management of adverse reactions to the SARS-2 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccines. James W. Mold, MD, MPH

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To date, the development of mRNA vaccines for the prevention of infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been a success story, with no serious concerns identified in the ongoing phase 3 clinical trials.1 Minor local side effects such as pain, redness, and swelling have been observed more frequently with the vaccines than with placebo. Systemic symptoms such as fever, fatigue, headache, and muscle and joint pain have also been somewhat more common with the vaccines than with placebo, and most have occurred during the first 24 to 48 hours after vaccination.1 In the phase 1–3 clinical trials of the Pfizer–BioNTech and Moderna mRNA vaccines, potential participants with a history of an allergic reaction to any component of the vaccine were excluded. The Pfizer–BioNTech studies also excluded participants with a history of severe allergy associated with any vaccine (see the protocols of the two trials, available with the full text of the articles at NEJM.org, for full exclusion criteria).1,2 Hypersensitivity adverse events were equally represented in the placebo (normal saline) and vaccine groups in both trials.1

Author/s:

Castells, Mariana C., Phillips, Elizabeth J.

Meningococcal Vaccination: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, United States, 2020

Devin Evans — Mon, 28 Sep 2020 17:30:06 +0000

Date Added:

September 28, 2020

Journal/Publication:

Recommendations and Reports

Publisher:

CDC

Publication Date:

September 25, 2020

Issue:

Volume:

Pages:

1-41

URL:

Meningococcal Vaccination: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, United States, 2020

Type:

Meta-analyses, Reviews, and Guidelines, Public Health Announcements

Format:

Article

DOI (1):

http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.rr6909a1

Keywords

vaccines

bacterial infections

Meningococcal disease

meningitis

bacteremia

MeSH

Meningococcal Vaccines

Meningococcal Infections

MenACWY

RPR Commentary: Updated Guidance from the ACIP on meningococcal immunization.

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This report compiles and summarizes all recommendations from CDC’s Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for use of meningococcal vaccines in the United States. As a comprehensive summary and update of previously published recommendations, it replaces all previously published reports and policy notes. This report also contains new recommendations for administration of booster doses of serogroup B meningococcal (MenB) vaccine for persons at increased risk for serogroup B meningococcal disease. These guidelines will be updated as needed on the basis of availability of new data or licensure of new meningococcal vaccines.

ACIP recommends routine vaccination with a quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MenACWY) for adolescents aged 11 or 12 years, with a booster dose at age 16 years. ACIP also recommends routine vaccination with MenACWY for persons aged ≥2 months at increased risk for meningococcal disease caused by serogroups A, C, W, or Y, including persons who have persistent complement component deficiencies; persons receiving a complement inhibitor (e.g., eculizumab [Soliris] or ravulizumab [Ultomiris]); persons who have anatomic or functional asplenia; persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection; microbiologists routinely exposed to isolates of Neisseria meningitidis; persons identified to be at increased risk because of a meningococcal disease outbreak caused by serogroups A, C, W, or Y; persons who travel to or live in areas in which meningococcal disease is hyperendemic or epidemic; unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated first-year college students living in residence halls; and military recruits. ACIP recommends MenACWY booster doses for previously vaccinated persons who become or remain at increased risk.

In addition, ACIP recommends routine use of MenB vaccine series among persons aged ≥10 years who are at increased risk for serogroup B meningococcal disease, including persons who have persistent complement component deficiencies; persons receiving a complement inhibitor; persons who have anatomic or functional asplenia; microbiologists who are routinely exposed to isolates of N. meningitidis; and persons identified to be at increased risk because of a meningococcal disease outbreak caused by serogroup B. ACIP recommends MenB booster doses for previously vaccinated persons who become or remain at increased risk. In addition, ACIP recommends a MenB series for adolescents and young adults aged 16–23 years on the basis of shared clinical decision-making to provide short-term protection against disease caused by most strains of serogroup B N. meningitidis.

Author/s:

Mbaeyi, Sarah A., Bozio, Catherine H., Duffy, Jonathan, Rubin, Lorry, Hariri, Susan, Stephens, David S., MacNeil, Jessica R.

Meningococcal Vaccination: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, United States, 2020

Devin Evans — Mon, 28 Sep 2020 17:30:03 +0000

Date Added:

September 28, 2020

Journal/Publication:

Recommendations and Reports

Publisher:

CDC

Publication Date:

September 25, 2020

Issue:

Volume:

Pages:

1-41

URL:

Meningococcal Vaccination: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, United States, 2020

Type:

Meta-analyses, Reviews, and Guidelines, Public Health Announcements

Format:

Article

DOI (1):

http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.rr6909a1

Keywords

vaccines

bacterial infections

Meningococcal disease

meningitis

bacteremia

MeSH

Meningococcal Vaccines

Meningococcal Infections

MenACWY

RPR Commentary: Updated Guidance from the ACIP on meningococcal immunization.

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Author/s:

Mbaeyi, Sarah A., Bozio, Catherine H., Duffy, Jonathan, Rubin, Lorry, Hariri, Susan, Stephens, David S., MacNeil, Jessica R.

Immunization Strategies to Span the Spectrum of Immunocompromised Adults

John Bayhi — Sat, 15 Feb 2020 20:43:08 +0000

Date Added:

February 15, 2020

Journal/Publication:

Mayo Clinic Proceedings

Publisher:

Elsevier, Inc.

Publication Date:

February 14, 2020

Type:

Meta-analyses, Reviews, and Guidelines

DOI (1):

10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.09.002

Keywords

MeSH

Immunogenicity, Vaccine

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.

risk assessment

This is a concise review of the principles involved in the immunization of patients who are immunocompromised. James W. Mold, MD, MPH

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The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provides annual recommendations for routine adult immunizations. Many recommendations consider patient factors such as age, medical conditions, and medications that increase an individual’s risk for infection with a vaccine-preventable disease. These factors, particularly those that lead to immunocompromise, may also alter the risk-benefit ratio for live vaccines, and/or lead to decreased vaccine immunogenicity and effectiveness. The provider may need to consider alternative vaccination strategies, including higher antigen dose vaccines, adjuvanted vaccines, avoidance of live vaccines, and careful timing of vaccination to optimize safety and effectiveness in immunocompromised populations. This thematic review discusses general principles regarding immunization of adults across the spectrum of immunocompromise, examines current guidelines and studies that support them, and outlines future research needs.

Author/s:

Whitaker, JA

Routine Childhood Vaccines Given in the First 11 Months After Birth

John Bayhi — Thu, 02 Jan 2020 20:22:28 +0000

Date Added:

January 2, 2020

Journal/Publication:

Mayo Clinic Proceedings

Publisher:

Elsevier Inc.

Publication Date:

December 23, 2019

URL:

Routine Childhood Vaccines Given in the First 11 Months After Birth

Type:

Meta-analyses, Reviews, and Guidelines

Format:

Article

DOI (1):

10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.06.007

Keywords

vaccines

infants

immunizations

PMID (1):

31879133

MeSH

Haemophilus influenzae type b

Influenza

Human

Rotavirus

Strepococcus pneumoniae

Poliovirus

Advisory Committees

Vaccine-Preventable Diseases

This is a nice review from Mayo of the vaccines recommended for children under the age of one including rationale, effectiveness, and concerns.

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The US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends that infants beginning at birth receive several vaccines directed against a variety of infectious diseases that currently pose threats of morbidity and mortality to infants and those around them, including the 3-dose hepatitis B (HepB) series. The first dose is due at birth. This series protects against maternal-infant transmission of the HepB virus and against exposure the rest of the infant's life. At age 2 months infants are to receive not only their second dose of HepB vaccine but also a series of vaccines directed against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, pneumococcus, rotavirus, poliovirus, and Haemophilus influenzae type b. At 4 months, infants are to repeat those vaccines except for the HepB vaccine. At age 6 months infants are to finish the HepB series and receive the third doses of the other vaccines received at 2 and 4 months except for the rotavirus vaccine, depending on the brand used. Also, starting at 6 months, depending on the time of year, infants are to begin a 2-dose series against influenza separated by 28 days. Each of these vaccines is due at a time when the vaccine works to protect against an immediate risk and to provide long-term protection. These vaccine-preventable diseases vary in terms of the nature of exposure, the form of the morbidity, the risk of mortality, and the ability of routine vaccination to prevent or ameliorate harm.

Author/s:

Jacobson, RM

Vaccines for International Travel

John Bayhi — Sat, 02 Nov 2019 16:19:59 +0000

Date Added:

November 2, 2019

Journal/Publication:

Mayo Clinic Proceedings

Publisher:

Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research

Publication Date:

November 1, 2019

Issue:

Volume:

Pages:

2314-2339

URL:

Vaccines for International Travel

Type:

Meta-analyses, Reviews, and Guidelines

Format:

Article

DOI (1):

10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.02.025

Keywords

MeSH

referral and consultation

Liver Diseases

Travel-Related Illness

This is a summary of current vaccination recommendations for travelers to foreign countries. James W. Mold, MD, MPH

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The pretravel management of the international traveler should be based on risk management principles. Prevention strategies and medical interventions should be based on the itinerary, preexisting health factors, and behaviors that are unique to the traveler. A structured approach to the patient interaction provides a general framework for an efficient consultation. Vaccine-preventable diseases play an important role in travel-related illnesses, and their impact is not restricted to exotic diseases in developing countries. Therefore, an immunization encounter before travel is an ideal time to update all age-appropriate immunizations as well as providing protection against diseases that pose additional risk to travelers that may be delineated by their destinations or activities. This review focuses on indications for each travel-related vaccine together with a structured synthesis and graphics that show the geographic distribution of major travel-related diseases and highlight particularly high-risk destinations and behaviors. Dosing, route of administration, need for boosters, and possible accelerated regimens for vaccines administered prior to travel are presented. Different underlying illnesses and medications produce different levels of immunocompromise, and there is much unknown in this discipline. Recommendations regarding vaccination of immunocompromised travelers have less of an evidence base than for other categories of travelers. The review presents a structured synthesis of issues pertinent to considerations for 5 special populations of traveler: child traveler, pregnant traveler, severely immunocompromised traveler, HIV-infected traveler, and traveler with other chronic underlying disease including asplenia, diabetes, and chronic liver disease.

Author/s:

Freedman, DO, Chen, LH

Measles/Plan-for-Travel

Brian Desmarais — Wed, 19 Jun 2019 20:30:19 +0000

Date Added:

June 19, 2019

Publication Date:

June 13, 2019

URL:

measles/plan-for-travel

Type:

Notifications and Opportunities

Format:

Web Page

Keywords

MeSH

Current recommendations for MMR vaccination and proof of immunity for U.S. residents planning to travel overseas. James W. Mold, MD, MPH

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Most measles cases in the U.S. result from international travel. Make sure you and your loved ones are protected against measles before international travel.

Author/s:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)