Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS)

Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), also called electronic cigarettes, e-cigarettes, vaping devices, or vape pens, are battery-powered devices used to smoke or “vape” a flavored solution which usually contains nicotine. The American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) recognizes the alarmingly increased use of ENDS, especially among youth and young adults, as well as its use by those attempting to quit smoking tobacco.

The AAFP calls for further research to assess ENDS’ safety, quality, and efficacy as a potential cessation device. The AAFP also recommends that the marketing and advertising of ENDS to children and youth cease immediately. The AAFP encourages members to screen for ENDS use starting with school-age children, to discuss the potential harms of ENDS, and to recommend cessation interventions with e-cigarette users. The AAFP encourages members to inform patients who use ENDS, especially children, that the majority of these products contain nicotine and are addictive. (2014 COD) (April 2019 BOD)

Management of Hepatitis C in 2019.

Brian Desmarais — Sat, 18 May 2019 05:00:00 +0000

Date Added:

May 18, 2019

Journal/Publication:

Journal of the American Medical Association

Publisher:

American Medical Association

Publication Date:

May 17, 2019

URL:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31099822

Type:

Meta-analyses, Reviews, and Guidelines

Format:

Article

DOI (1):

10.1001/jama.2019.5353

Keywords

A concise summary of current treatments available for Hep C and their indications, cost, and adverse effects. James W. Mold, MD, MPH

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In the United States, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection affects more than 2 million adults and is the leading cause of liver-related mortality. Therapies that eradicate HCV may prevent progression to cirrhosis, liver decompensation, hepatocellular carcinoma, need for liver transplant, and death. HCV eradication also appears to reduce the risk of extrahepatic diseases, including cryoglobulinemic vasculitis and cardiovascularevents. Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), oral drugs that target multiple mechanisms of the HCV lifecycle, have been usedincombination since 2013. Because of their efficacy and safety, the use of DAAshas substantiall yimproved HCV treatment and made HCV eradication possible for most patients, including patients with HIV infection, severe renal and hepatic impairment, and history of organ transplantation. Individuals living with HCV should be treated to reduce liver-related and all-cause morbidity and mortality and to prevent HCV transmission...

Author/s:

Kristen, Naggie, Susanna