diet

Celiac disease is a chronic autoimmune disease caused by consumption of gluten in people with specific genetic markers. Celiac disease affects about 1% of people worldwide and people can start having symptoms at any age. Individuals at increased risk include those with a first-degree relative who has celiac disease and those with autoimmune diseases (eg, type 1 diabetes or Hashimoto thyroiditis) and certain chromosomal conditions (Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, or Williams syndrome).

Author/s:

Kristin L. Walter

Celiac Disease

Megan George — Thu, 09 Apr 2026 22:54:49 +0000

Date Added:

April 9, 2026

Journal/Publication:

New England Journal of Medicine

Publication Date:

April 8, 2026

URL:

Celiac Disease

Type:

Meta-analyses, Reviews, and Guidelines

Format:

Article

DOI (1):

10.1056/NEJMcp2415548

Keywords

Immunoglobulin A

HLA-DQ8 antigen

celiac disease

PMID (1):

41950475

MeSH

Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2

A review of the diagnosis and treatment of patients with celiac disease. James W. Mold, MD, MPH

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Celiac disease, a common autoimmune condition affecting approximately 1% of the population, can develop with exposure to gluten at any age. Diagnosis involves serologic testing, especially for IgA antibodies against tissue transglutaminase, and may include tests to confirm the presence of endomysial antibodies or even duodenal biopsies, although the latter are becoming less necessary. The presence of genes encoding HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8 is a prerequisite for the disease. A gluten-free diet is the mainstay of treatment, but some adults have nonresponsive celiac disease, which warrants closer monitoring because of an increased risk of malignant conditions. Celiac disease also frequently co-occurs with other autoimmune disorders, such as type 1 diabetes mellitus and autoimmune thyroid disease.

Author/s:

Joseph A. Murray, Steffen Husby

Diagnosis and management of celiac disease

Megan George — Tue, 11 Nov 2025 14:35:21 +0000

Date Added:

November 11, 2025

Journal/Publication:

Canadian Medical Association Journal

Publication Date:

November 11, 2025

URL:

Diagnosis and management of celiac disease

Type:

Meta-analyses, Reviews, and Guidelines

Format:

Article

DOI (1):

https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.230091

Keywords

celiac disease

diet

Gluten-Free

MeSH

Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2

A concise review of the diagnosis and management of patients with celiac disease. James W. Mold, MD, MPH

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Celiac disease is frequently undiagnosed, in part because of its highly variable clinical presentation.

Celiac disease can present with classic gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating, weight loss), atypical or extraintestinal manifestations (e.g., anemia, osteoporosis, neurologic symptoms, infertility, fatigue) or asymptomatic presentations detected from screening.

The first-line serologic screening test measures tissue transglutaminase immunoglobulin A and should be conducted while the patient is consuming gluten.

Complications of celiac disease include nutritional deficiencies, osteoporosis, increased risk of viral infections and pneumonia, and, rarely, risk of malignancy.

Adherence to a lifelong, strict gluten-free diet with regular monitoring of disease activity and nutritional status is key for symptom management and to prevent complications.

Author/s:

Jedid-Jah Blom, Dominica Gidrewicz, Justine Turner, Donald R. Duerksen, M. Ines Pinto-Sánchez

2024 edition of the Rourke Baby Record

Hope Smashey — Sat, 13 Sep 2025 19:21:41 +0000

Date Added:

September 13, 2025

Journal/Publication:

Canadian Family Physician

Publication Date:

September 13, 2025

Issue:

Volume:

Pages:

553-561

URL:

2024 edition of the Rourke Baby Record

Type:

Meta-analyses, Reviews, and Guidelines

Format:

Article

DOI (1):

10.46747/cfp.7109553

Keywords

child

infant

Baby

PMID (1):

40940145

MeSH

Culturally Competent Care

primary health care

Vegetarians

Eating

This is an article explaining and updating a tool used in many Canadian practices that care for babies and their mothers. The actual Baby Record can b downloaded free at https://www.rourkebabyrecord.ca

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Objective: To assist busy primary care providers caring for infants and young children and their families by providing them with the most recent recommendations and supportive evidence included in the 2024 edition of the Rourke Baby Record (RBR).

Quality of evidence: Articles from pediatric preventive care literature (January 2019 to March 2023) were reviewed for relevance and quality of evidence. When available, evidence from systematic reviews, relevant clinical guidelines, and clinical trials were incorporated. In the absence of high-level evidence, observational studies and expert opinion on the topic were included. Primary research studies were reviewed and critically appraised using a modified protocol.

Main message: Notable updates in the 2024 edition of the RBR include the promotion of early relational health for families; identification of targeted support and resources as opposed to labelling of high-risk groups; guidance on culturally safe care; clarification and evidence-based adjustments of the age of achievement of some developmental surveillance milestones; recommendations on plant-based beverages, vegetarian, and vegan diets; screening considerations for iron deficiency; dangers of ingestion of button batteries and cannabis edibles; literacy and socioemotional benefits of reading, singing, and storytelling; the importance of unstructured outdoor play; the environment's effect on children's health; the significance of sentinel injuries; acholic stools; and the normal presence and abnormal persistence of developmental (primitive) reflexes.

Conclusion: Building on its 40-year history, the 2024 RBR provides freely available, evidence-informed recommendations to guide clinicians in providing effective, up-to-date, and comprehensive preventive pediatric care. Despite the challenging and evolving landscape of primary health care delivery, the RBR will continue to support primary care providers.

Author/s:

Anne Rowan-Legg, Patricia Li, Bruce Kwok, Leslie Rourke, Denis Leduc, James Rourke, Imaan Bayoumi

2024 edition of the Rourke Baby Record

Hope Smashey — Sat, 13 Sep 2025 19:21:20 +0000

Date Added:

September 13, 2025

Journal/Publication:

Canadian Family Physician

Publication Date:

September 13, 2025

Issue:

Volume:

Pages:

553-561

URL:

2024 edition of the Rourke Baby Record

Type:

Meta-analyses, Reviews, and Guidelines

Format:

Article

DOI (1):

10.46747/cfp.7109553

Keywords

child

infant

Baby

PMID (1):

40940145

MeSH

Culturally Competent Care

primary health care

Vegetarians

Eating

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Author/s:

Anne Rowan-Legg, Patricia Li, Bruce Kwok, Leslie Rourke, Denis Leduc, James Rourke, Imaan Bayoumi

I Am Taking a GLP-1 Weight-Loss Medication—What Should I Know?

Megan George — Thu, 04 Sep 2025 19:54:15 +0000

Date Added:

September 4, 2025

Journal/Publication:

JAMA Internal Medicine

Publication Date:

July 14, 2025

URL:

I Am Taking a GLP-1 Weight-Loss Medication—What Should I Know?

Type:

Patient Education Materials

Format:

Poster

DOI (1):

10.1001/jamainternmed.2025.1133

Keywords

diet

GLP-1

weight loss

PMID (1):

40658429

MeSH

glucagon-like peptide 1

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists

Information for patients about GLP-1 medications. James W. Mold, MD, MPH

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This JAMA Internal Medicine Patient Page describes how glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists work and what behaviors to adopt while using them.

Author/s:

Farhad Mehrtash, Jody Dushay, JoAnn E. Manson

Lipoprotein(a)

Erin Blanchette — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 21:25:24 +0000

Date Added:

April 30, 2025

Journal/Publication:

JAMA

Publisher:

American Medical Association

Publication Date:

April 24, 2025

URL:

Lipoprotein(a)

Type:

Meta-analyses, Reviews, and Guidelines

Format:

Article

DOI (1):

10.1001/jama.2025.2373

Keywords

Cardiovascular Risk Factors

diet

PMID (1):

40272827

MeSH

Lipoproteins

LDL

Lipoprotein(a)

cardiovascular diseases

diet

A summary of what we know currently about lipoprotein (a) and its association with ASCVD, James W. Mold, MD, MPH

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Lipoprotein(a) is a low-density lipoprotein-like particle that carries oxidized phospholipids and has proinflammatory and proatherogenic properties. In prospective studies, higher levels of lipoprotein(a) are associated with significantly higher risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and all-cause mortality.1 In a meta-analysis of 29 069 patients, the incidence of ASCVD events per 1000 person-years was 80.0 (95% CI, 75.3-84.9) among people with lipoprotein(a) greater than or equal to 50 mg/dL and 55.3 (95% CI, 53.4-57.3) for people with lipoprotein(a) less than 15 mg/dL (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.35 [95% CI, 1.11-1.66]).2 A similar association of elevated lipoprotein(a) with ASCVD was observed among 460 506 participants from the UK Biobank study.3 Medications such as pelacarsen, olpasiran, and lepodisiran reduce lipoprotein(a) production in the liver and lower plasma lipoprotein(a) by up to 99%, and are currently undergoing testing in randomized clinical trials to determine whether they reduce rates of ASCVD in people with elevated lipoprotein(a).4

Author/s:

Samia Mora, Florian Kronenberg

Diets

Alex Haga — Sun, 16 Jun 2024 19:22:53 +0000

Date Added:

June 16, 2024

Journal/Publication:

New England Journal of Medicine

Publication Date:

June 12, 2024

Issue:

Volume:

390

URL:

Diets

Type:

Meta-analyses, Reviews, and Guidelines

Format:

Article

DOI (1):

10.1056/NEJMra2211889

Keywords

diet

PMID (1):

38865662

MeSH

A comprehensive review of a number of commonly endorsed diets and their impact on various health-related outcomes.

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Food consumption provides essential and nonessential nutrients in the human body and thereby promotes growth and health. Individual food choice and the potential modification of eating habits are complex issues, influenced by the availability and acceptability of foods.1 The availability of foods depends on physical, political, and economic factors. From the myriad foods that are available or potentially available for consumption, the selection is based on socioeconomic, cultural, and individual factors. Individual foods are parts of diets; diets are characterized by nutrient content, clustering of foods, and temporal consumption patterns. The plethora of diets continually expands, and some diets have been extensively investigated.
We review the underlying rationale for and constituents of the most widely recognized, scientifically explored, and broadly promoted diets (Figure 1). We do not review diets for specific nutritional or metabolic deficiencies or many of the constructed dietary indexes. This review is not intended to detail the clinical efficacy of each diet presented, although we briefly outline some of the well-known potential effects on health and the underlying mechanisms. Even though most (but not all) of the dietary modifications have been driven by the desire to control body weight, we consider important health effects independently of adiposity.

Author/s:

Mary Yannakoulia, Nikolaos Scarmeas

The Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Trials and Clinical Practice

Alex Haga — Mon, 13 May 2024 21:25:57 +0000

Date Added:

May 13, 2024

Journal/Publication:

JAMA

Publisher:

JAMA

Publication Date:

May 1, 2024

URL:

The Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Trials and Clinical Practice

Type:

Clinical Research Results

Format:

Article

DOI (1):

10.1001/jama.2024.6542

Keywords

PMID (1):

38691368

A summary review of the results of the Womens Health Initiative Study pertaining to HRT, Vit D/calcium supplementation, and low-fat diet in menopausal women. James W. Mold, MD, MPH

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Importance: Approximately 55 million people in the US and approximately 1.1 billion people worldwide are postmenopausal women. To inform clinical practice about the health effects of menopausal hormone therapy, calcium plus vitamin D supplementation, and a low-fat dietary pattern, the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) enrolled 161 808 postmenopausal US women (N = 68 132 in the clinical trials) aged 50 to 79 years at baseline from 1993 to 1998, and followed them up for up to 20 years.

Observations: The WHI clinical trial results do not support hormone therapy with oral conjugated equine estrogens plus medroxyprogesterone acetate for postmenopausal women or conjugated equine estrogens alone for those with prior hysterectomy to prevent cardiovascular disease, dementia, or other chronic diseases. However, hormone therapy is effective for treating moderate to severe vasomotor and other menopausal symptoms. These benefits of hormone therapy in early menopause, combined with lower rates of adverse effects of hormone therapy in early compared with later menopause, support initiation of hormone therapy before age 60 years for women without contraindications to hormone therapy who have bothersome menopausal symptoms. The WHI results do not support routinely recommending calcium plus vitamin D supplementation for fracture prevention in all postmenopausal women. However, calcium and vitamin D are appropriate for women who do not meet national guidelines for recommended intakes of these nutrients through diet. A low-fat dietary pattern with increased fruit, vegetable, and grain consumption did not prevent the primary outcomes of breast or colorectal cancer but was associated with lower rates of the secondary outcome of breast cancer mortality during long-term follow-up.

Conclusions and relevance: For postmenopausal women, the WHI randomized clinical trials do not support menopausal hormone therapy to prevent cardiovascular disease or other chronic diseases. Menopausal hormone therapy is appropriate to treat bothersome vasomotor symptoms among women in early menopause, without contraindications, who are interested in taking hormone therapy. The WHI evidence does not support routine supplementation with calcium plus vitamin D for menopausal women to prevent fractures or a low-fat diet with increased fruits, vegetables, and grains to prevent breast or colorectal cancer. A potential role of a low-fat dietary pattern in reducing breast cancer mortality, a secondary outcome, warrants further study.

Author/s:

Manson, J.E., Crandall, C.J., Rossouw, J.E.

Effects of weight loss during a very low carbohydrate diet on specific adipose tissue depots and insulin sensitivity in older adults with obesity: a randomized clinical trial

Brian Desmarais — Tue, 25 Aug 2020 16:39:54 +0000

Date Added:

August 25, 2020

Journal/Publication:

Nutrition & Metabolism

Publication Date:

August 12, 2020

URL:

Effects of weight loss during a very low carbohydrate diet on specific adipose tissue depots and insulin sensitivity in older adults with obesity: a randomized clinical trial

Type:

Clinical Research Results

Format:

Article

DOI (1):

10.1186/s12986-020-00481-9

MeSH

Absorptiometry, Photon

Glucose Clamp Technique

obesity

Body Composition

Carbohydrate-Restricted

This short-term (8-week) RCT found that 60-75 years old adults with obesity lost a lot more weight and visceral adipose tissue and increased their insulin sensitivity more when following a low carbohydrate diet than when following a low fat diet. James W. Mold, MD, MPH

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Background: Insulin resistance and accumulation of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) place aging adults with obesity at high risk of cardio-metabolic disease. A very low carbohydrate diet (VLCD) may be a means of promoting fat loss from the visceral cavity and skeletal muscle, without compromising lean mass, and improve insulin sensitivity in aging adults with obesity.

Objective: To determine if a VLCD promotes a greater loss of fat (total, visceral and intermuscular), preserves lean mass, and improves insulin sensitivity compared to a standard CHO-based/low-fat diet (LFD) in older adults with obesity.

Design: Thirty-four men and women aged 60-75 years with obesity (body mass index [BMI] 30-40 kg/m2) were randomized to a diet prescription of either a VLCD (< 10:25:> 65% energy from CHO:protein:fat) or LFD diet (55:25:20) for 8 weeks. Body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), fat distribution by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), insulin sensitivity by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, and lipids by a fasting blood draw were assessed at baseline and after the intervention.

Results: Participants lost an average of 9.7 and 2.0% in total fat following the VLCD and LFD, respectively (p < 0.01). The VLCD group experienced ~ 3-fold greater loss in VAT compared to the LFD group (- 22.8% vs - 1.0%, p < 0.001) and a greater decrease in thigh-IMAT (- 24.4% vs - 1.0%, p < 0.01). The VLCD group also had significantly greater thigh skeletal muscle (SM) at 8 weeks following adjustment for change in total fat mass. Finally, the VLCD had greater increases in insulin sensitivity and HDL-C and decreases in fasting insulin and triglycerides compared to the LFD group.

Conclusions: Weight loss resulting from consumption of a diet lower in CHO and higher in fat may be beneficial for older adults with obesity by depleting adipose tissue depots most strongly implicated in poor metabolic and functional outcomes and by improving insulin sensitivity and the lipid profile.

Trial registration: NCT02760641. Registered 03 May 2016 - Retrospectively registered.

Author/s:

Gower, Babara, Goss, Amy, Soleymani, Taraneh, Stewart , Mariah, Pendergrass, May, Lockhart, Mark, Kranz, Olivia, Dowla, Shima, Bush, Nikki, Barry, Valene Garr, Fontaine, Kevin R.

Association Between Plant and Animal Protein Intake and Overall and Cause-Specific Mortality

Brian Desmarais — Wed, 22 Jul 2020 16:00:16 +0000

Date Added:

July 22, 2020

Journal/Publication:

JAMA Intern Medicine

Publisher:

JAMA Network

Publication Date:

July 13, 2020

URL:

Association Between Plant and Animal Protein Intake and Overall and Cause-Specific Mortality

Type:

Clinical Research Results

Format:

Article

DOI (1):

10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.2790.

MeSH

Plant Proteins, Dietary

fruit

cardiovascular diseases

Analysis of a huge cohort of adults found that eating more plant protein (vs. animal protein) reduces cardiovascular mortality and increases life expectancy. James W. Mold, MD, MPH

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Importance: Although emphasis has recently been placed on the importance of high-protein diets to overall health, a comprehensive analysis of long-term cause-specific mortality in association with the intake of plant protein and animal protein has not been reported.

Objective: To examine the associations between overall mortality and cause-specific mortality and plant protein intake.

Design, setting, and participants: This prospective cohort study analyzed data from 416 104 men and women in the US National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study from 1995 to 2011. Data were analyzed from October 2018 through April 2020.

Exposures: Validated baseline food frequency questionnaire dietary information, including intake of plant protein and animal protein.

Main outcomes and measures: Hazard ratios and 16-year absolute risk differences for overall mortality and cause-specific mortality.

Results: The final analytic cohort included 237 036 men (57%) and 179 068 women. Their overall median (SD) ages were 62.2 (5.4) years for men and 62.0 (5.4) years for women. Based on 6 009 748 person-years of observation, 77 614 deaths (18.7%; 49 297 men and 28 317 women) were analyzed. Adjusting for several important clinical and other risk factors, greater dietary plant protein intake was associated with reduced overall mortality in both sexes (hazard ratio per 1 SD was 0.95 [95% CI, 0.94-0.97] for men and 0.95 [95% CI, 0.93-0.96] for women; adjusted absolute risk difference per 1 SD was -0.36% [95% CI, -0.48% to -0.25%] for men and -0.33% [95% CI, -0.48% to -0.21%] for women; hazard ratio per 10 g/1000 kcal was 0.88 [95% CI, 0.84-0.91] for men and 0.86 [95% CI, 0.82-0.90] for women; adjusted absolute risk difference per 10 g/1000 kcal was -0.95% [95% CI, -1.3% to -0.68%] for men and -0.86% [95% CI, -1.3% to -0.55%] for women; all P < .001). The association between plant protein intake and overall mortality was similar across the subgroups of smoking status, diabetes, fruit consumption, vitamin supplement use, and self-reported health status. Replacement of 3% energy from animal protein with plant protein was inversely associated with overall mortality (risk decreased 10% in both men and women) and cardiovascular disease mortality (11% lower risk in men and 12% lower risk in women). In particular, the lower overall mortality was attributable primarily to substitution of plant protein for egg protein (24% lower risk in men and 21% lower risk in women) and red meat protein (13% lower risk in men and 15% lower risk in women).

Conclusions and relevance: In this large prospective cohort, higher plant protein intake was associated with small reductions in risk of overall and cardiovascular disease mortality. Our findings provide evidence that dietary modification in choice of protein sources may influence health and longevity.

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.

Author/s:

Huang, J., Liao, L.M., Weinstein, S.J., Sinha, R., Graubard, B.I., Albanes, D.

Clinical Practice Guideline: Ménière's Disease Executive Summary

John Bayhi — Mon, 18 May 2020 22:07:40 +0000

Date Added:

May 18, 2020

Journal/Publication:

Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery: official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery

Publisher:

Sage Publishing

Publication Date:

April 1, 2020

Issue:

Volume:

162

Pages:

415-434

URL:

Clinical Practice Guideline: Ménière's Disease Executive Summary

Type:

Meta-analyses, Reviews, and Guidelines

Format:

Article

DOI (1):

10.1177/0194599820909439

Keywords

Meniett device

electrocochleography

endolymphatic hydrops

endolymphatic sac decompression

fluctuating aural symptoms

gentamicin

labyrinthectomy

sensorineural hearing loss

sodium-restricted diet

vestibular testing

PMID (1):

32267820

MeSH

A 2020 guideline for diagnosis and management of Meniere’s Disease from the American Academy of Otorhinolaryngology. James W. Mold, MD, MPH

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OBJECTIVE:

Ménière's disease (MD) is a clinical condition defined by spontaneous vertigo attacks (each lasting 20 minutes to 12 hours) with documented low- to midfrequency sensorineural hearing loss in the affected ear before, during, or after one of the episodes of vertigo. It also presents with fluctuating aural symptoms (hearing loss, tinnitus, or ear fullness) in the affected ear. The underlying etiology of MD is not completely clear, yet it has been associated with inner ear fluid volume increases, culminating in episodic ear symptoms (vertigo, fluctuating hearing loss, tinnitus, and aural fullness). Physical examination findings are often unremarkable, and audiometric testing may or may not show low- to midfrequency sensorineural hearing loss. Imaging, if performed, is also typically normal. The goals of MD treatment are to prevent or reduce vertigo severity and frequency; relieve or prevent hearing loss, tinnitus, and aural fullness; and improve quality of life. Treatment approaches to MD are many, and approaches typically include modifications of lifestyle factors (eg, diet) and medical, surgical, or a combination of therapies.

PURPOSE:

The primary purpose of this clinical practice guideline is to improve the quality of the diagnostic workup and treatment outcomes of MD. To achieve this purpose, the goals of this guideline are to use the best available published scientific and/or clinical evidence to enhance diagnostic accuracy and appropriate therapeutic interventions (medical and surgical) while reducing unindicated diagnostic testing and/or imaging.

Author/s:

Basura, GJ, Adams, ME, Monfared, A, Schwartz, SR, Antonelli, PJ, Burkard, R, Bush, ML, Bykowski, J, Colandrea, M, Derebery, J, Kelly, EA, Kerber, KA, Koopman, CF, Kuch, AA, Marcolini, E, McKinnon, BJ, Ruckenstein, MJ, Valenzuela, CV, Vosooney,A, Walsh, SA, Nnacheta, LC, Dhepyasuwan, N, Buchanan, EM

Can We Say What Diet Is Best for Health?

John Bayhi — Thu, 16 Jan 2020 16:26:48 +0000

Date Added:

January 16, 2020

Journal/Publication:

Annual Review of Public Health

Publisher:

Annual Reviews

Publication Date:

March 1, 2014

Volume:

Pages:

83-103

URL:

Can we say what diet is best for health?

Type:

Meta-analyses, Reviews, and Guidelines

Format:

Article

DOI (1):

10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032013-182351

Keywords

PMID (1):

24641555

MeSH

Dietary Carbohydrates

An evidence-based review of what we currently know about what we should be eating. It appears that Michael Pollan was right when he wrote, in The Omnivore’s Dilemma, “Eat good food, not too much, mostly vegetables.” The only thing he left out was to try to avoid highly processed food of any kind. James W. Mold, MD, MPH

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Diet is established among the most important influences on health in modern societies. Injudicious diet figures among the leading causes of premature death and chronic disease. Optimal eating is associated with increased life expectancy, dramatic reduction in lifetime risk of all chronic disease, and amelioration of gene expression. In this context, claims abound for the competitive merits of various diets relative to one another. Whereas such claims, particularly when attached to commercial interests, emphasize distinctions, the fundamentals of virtually all eating patterns associated with meaningful evidence of health benefit overlap substantially. There have been no rigorous, long-term studies comparing contenders for best diet laurels using methodology that precludes bias and confounding, and for many reasons such studies are unlikely. In the absence of such direct comparisons, claims for the established superiority of any one specific diet over others are exaggerated. The weight of evidence strongly supports a theme of healthful eating while allowing for variations on that theme. A diet of minimally processed foods close to nature, predominantly plants, is decisively associated with health promotion and disease prevention and is consistent with the salient components of seemingly distinct dietary approaches. Efforts to improve public health through diet are forestalled not for want of knowledge about the optimal feeding of Homo sapiens but for distractions associated with exaggerated claims, and our failure to convert what we reliably know into what we routinely do. Knowledge in this case is not, as of yet, power; would that it were so.

Author/s:

Katz, DL, Meller, S

Influence of changes in diet quality on unhealthy aging: the Seniors-ENRICA cohort

Tracy Ashby — Wed, 17 Apr 2019 05:00:00 +0000

Date Added:

April 17, 2019

Journal/Publication:

The American Journal of Medicine

Publisher:

Elsevier Inc.

Publication Date:

April 11, 2019

URL:

Influence of changes in diet quality on unhealthy aging: the Seniors-ENRICA cohort

Type:

Clinical Research Results

Format:

Article

DOI (1):

10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.03.023

Keywords

MeSH

This cohort study suggests, but doesn’t prove, that older adults who adopt a healthy diet can significantly and meaningfully reduce the rate of functional decline. James W. Mold, MD, MPH

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Background

Whether adopting a better diet in late life influences the aging process is still uncertain. Thus, we examined the association between changes in diet quality and unhealthy aging.

Methods

Data came from 2042 individuals aged ≥ 60 years recruited in the Seniors-ENRICA cohort in 2008–2010 (wave 0) and followed-up in 2012 (wave 1) and 2015 (wave 2). Diet quality was assessed with the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS), the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) and the Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010) at waves 0 and 1. Unhealthy ageing was measured using a 52-item health deficit accumulation index with 4 domains (functional, self-rated health/vitality, mental health, and morbidity/health services use) at each wave. An increase in dietary indices represents a diet improvement, and a lower deficit accumulation index indicates a health improvement.

Results

Compared with participants with a > 1-point decrease in MEDAS or MDS, those with a > 1-point increase showed lower deficit accumulation from wave 0 to wave 2 (multivariate β [95% CI]: –1.49 [− 2.88 to − 0.10], p-trend = 0.04 for MEDAS; and − 2.20 [− 3.56 to − 0.84], p-trend = 0.002 for MDS) and from wave 1 to wave 2 (− 1.34 [− 2.60 to − 0.09], p-trend = 0.04 for MEDAS). Also, participants with a > 5-point increase in AHEI-2010 showed lower deficit accumulation from wave 0 to wave 1 (− 1.15 [− 2.01 to − 0.28], p-trend = 0.009) and from wave 0 to wave 2 (− 1.21 [− 2.31 to − 0.10], p-trend = 0.03) than those with a > 5-point decrease. These results were mostly due to a strong association between improved diet quality and less functional deterioration.

Conclusions

In older adults, adopting a better diet was associated with less deficit accumulation, particularly functional deterioration. Improving dietary habits may delay unhealthy ageing. Our results have clinical relevance since we have observed that the deficit accumulation index decreases an average of 0.74 annually.

Author/s:

Ortolá, Rosario, García-Esquinas, Esther, García-Varela, Giselle, Struijkab, Ellen A., Rodríguez-Artalejo, Fernando, Lopez-Garcia, Esther

Effect of a Long Bout Versus Short Bouts of Walking on Weight Loss During a Weight‐Loss Diet: A Randomized Trial

Jeffrey Wilson — Wed, 03 Apr 2019 14:08:01 +0000

Date Added:

April 3, 2019

Journal/Publication:

Obesity

Publisher:

The Obesity Society

Publication Date:

February 9, 2019

Issue:

Volume:

URL:

Effect of a Long Bout Versus Short Bouts of Walking on Weight Loss During a Weight‐Loss Diet: A Randomized Trial

Type:

Clinical Research Results

Format:

Article

DOI (1):

10.1002/oby.22416

Keywords

PMID (1):

30737894

MeSH

weight reduction programs

In this RCT involving diet and physical activity, two 25 minute bouts a day of moderate physical activity 6 days per week was associated with significantly more weight loss than one 50 minute bout of moderate physical activity per day 6 days a week. James W. Mold, MD, MPH

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OBJECTIVE:

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different daily physical activity (PA) frequencies, while maintaining the same daily volume of PA, on weight loss, carbohydrate metabolism, and lipid metabolism in women with overweight or obesity throughout a 24-week intervention.

METHODS:

During their weight-loss plan, 65 women (BMI = 27-35 kg/m2 ; age = 18-40 years) who had a sedentary lifestyle were randomly allocated to the following groups: diet plus a long bout of moderate physical activity (LBP) (one 50-minute bout of moderate-intensity PA) 6 d/wk or diet plus short bouts of moderate physical activity (SBP) (two 25-minute bouts of moderate-intensity PA) 6 d/wk. Anthropometric and blood measurements were taken at baseline and at 24 weeks.

RESULTS:

Compared with the LBP group, the SBP group had a greater decrease in weight (SBP: -8.08 ± 2.20 kg; LBP: -6.39 ± 2.28 kg; P = 0.019), BMI (SBP: -3.11 ± 0.87 kg/m2 ; LBP: -2.47 ± 0.86 kg/m2 ; P = 0.027), and waist circumference (SBP: -8.78 ± 2.62 cm; LBP: -5.76 ± 2.03 cm; P = 0.026). No significant differences were seen in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism characteristics after 24 weeks.

CONCLUSIONS:

PA undertaken in two shorter bouts per day could be more effective for weight loss than PA undertaken in a daily long bout in adult women in a 24-week weight-loss program.

Author/s:

Madjd, Amenah, Taylor, Moira A., Delavari, Alireza,, Reza, Macdonald, Ian A., Farshchi, Hamid R.