quality of life

Surgical and Endoscopic Therapies for GERD

Nathan Hinkle — Wed, 08 Jul 2026 17:45:46 +0000

Date Added:

July 8, 2026

Journal/Publication:

JAMA

Publisher:

The American Medical Association

Publication Date:

July 1, 2026

URL:

Surgical and Endoscopic Therapies for GERD

Type:

Meta-analyses, Reviews, and Guidelines

Format:

Article

DOI (1):

doi: 10.1001/jama.2026.7636

Keywords

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

GERD

quality of life

MeSH

Barrett Esophagus

Gastroesophageal Reflux

Heartburn

RPR Commentary: A review of current endoscopic and surgical treatments for GERD. James W. Mold, MD, MPH

Commercial full text (fees may apply)

View

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) affects quality of life and may cause erosive esophagitis, Barrett esophagus, and esophageal strictures and adenocarcinoma.1 The American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) recommends initial management with behavioral modifications (eg, avoidance of meals within 3 hours of bedtime, elevating head of bed while asleep)2 prior to or combined with medications, such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), histamine-2 receptor antagonists, or potassium-competitive acid blockers (eg, vonoprazan). However, up to 54.1% of patients have persistent, troublesome symptoms (ie, heartburn or regurgitation for ≥2 d/wk) despite optimal medical therapy.3

Author/s:

Sri Ganeshamurthy Thrumurthy, Yuto Shimamura, Jimmy Bok Yan So

Hearing Aids for Adults With Mild to Moderate Hearing Loss

Megan George — Fri, 29 May 2026 19:31:08 +0000

Date Added:

May 29, 2026

Journal/Publication:

JAMA

Publication Date:

May 27, 2026

URL:

Hearing Aids for Adults With Mild to Moderate Hearing Loss

Type:

Meta-analyses, Reviews, and Guidelines

Format:

Article

DOI (1):

10.1001/jama.2026.4740

Keywords

PMID (1):

42201716

MeSH

Hearing Loss, Sensorineural

Hair Cells

Auditory Perception

Social Isolation

A review of hearing aids, types, characteristics, benefits, and limitations in adults with mild to moderate hearing loss. James W. Mold, MD, MPH

View

Hearing loss is defined as an impaired ability to hear sounds at thresholds considered to be normal. Projections based on audiometric data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey estimate that by 2030, approximately 55 million US adults will have hearing loss, including 35 million with mild loss (25-40 dB) and nearly 20 million with moderate or greater loss (>40 dB).1 The most common cause of hearing loss among hearing aid users is bilateral sensorineural hearing loss due to cochlear hair cell or auditory nerve degeneration. Functional effects of hearing loss differ with severity. Mild hearing loss may affect the ability to understand speech in noisy environments; moderate or greater hearing loss affects the ability to have individual conversations in a quiet room.

Untreated hearing loss is associated with social isolation that can reduce quality of life.2 A meta-analysis of 5 randomized trials (825 adults with mild to moderate hearing loss) that compared those not receiving hearing aids with those who received hearing aids that amplified sounds via air conduction had improved ability to discriminate sound and speech and hearing-related quality of life based on Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly,2 which quantifies self-perceived functional and emotional hearing handicap (such as negative feelings and psychological distress from communication problems). The Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly scores (lower scores indicate less handicap; scale, 0-100) improved by −26.5 (95% CI, −42.2 to −10.8) points with hearing aids, exceeding the minimal clinically important difference of 18.7 points.2

Amplification with hearing aids is the primary treatment for hearing loss, but use is limited. Traditional Medicare does not cover hearing aids, and coverage for associated services remains limited. In a nationally representative cohort using data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study, hearing aid use among US adults aged 71 years and older with hearing loss was 29.2% in 2021, including 14.4% among those with mild loss and 45.3% among those with moderate hearing loss.3 Although reasons for nonuse were not directly assessed, lower-income individuals, along with those who have milder degrees of hearing loss, are less likely to use hearing aids.3 Until recently, hearing aids in the US could only be obtained through licensed hearing care professionals such as audiologists. However, since October 2022, the US Food and Drug Administration has allowed adults to buy hearing aid devices without a medical examination, prescription, or professional fitting. This regulatory change has enabled over-the-counter (OTC) direct-to-consumer hearing aids, with potential to broaden access.

Author/s:

Karina C. De Sousa, De Wet Swanepoel

Restless Legs Syndrome: A Review

Megan George — Wed, 28 Jan 2026 18:57:15 +0000

Date Added:

January 28, 2026

Journal/Publication:

JAMA

Publication Date:

January 21, 2026

URL:

Restless Legs Syndrome: A Review

Type:

Meta-analyses, Reviews, and Guidelines

Format:

Article

DOI (1):

10.1001/jama.2025.23247

Keywords

Restless Legs Syndrome

sleep

quality of life

methadone

MeSH

Restless Legs Syndrome

A review of what we think we know about restless legs syndrome. James W. Mold, MD, MPH

View

Importance Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a sleep-related movement disorder that affects approximately 3% of US adults to a clinically significant extent and can cause substantial sleep disturbance.

Observations Restless legs syndrome is characterized by an overwhelming urge to move the limbs, typically the legs, often accompanied by unpleasant limb sensations (eg, achiness, tingling). Symptoms, provoked by immobility, are relieved while moving and are typically present or most severe in the evening or at night. Restless legs syndrome symptoms may lead to difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or returning to sleep. According to population-based studies, approximately 8% of US adults experience RLS symptoms of any frequency annually and 3% experience moderately or severely distressing symptoms at least twice weekly. Patients with RLS have impaired quality of life and elevated rates of cardiovascular disease (29.6% with coronary artery disease, stroke, or heart failure), depression (30.4%), and suicidal ideation or self-harm (0.35 cases/1000 person-years). Restless legs syndrome is common among patients with multiple sclerosis (27.5%), end-stage kidney disease (24%), and iron deficiency anemia (23.9%); during pregnancy and especially in the third trimester (22%); with peripheral neuropathy (eg, diabetic, idiopathic; 21.5%); and with Parkinson disease (20%). Other risk factors include family history of RLS, northern European descent, female sex (2:1 vs male sex), and older age (RLS prevalence of 10% in adults ≥65 years). Restless legs syndrome is diagnosed based on clinical history; polysomnography is not recommended for diagnosis. Iron supplementation with ferrous sulfate (325-650 mg daily or every other day) or intravenous iron (1000 mg) should be initiated for serum ferritin level less than or equal to 100 ng/mL or transferrin saturation less than 20%. If possible, medications associated with RLS, including serotonergic antidepressants, dopamine antagonists, and centrally acting H1 antihistamines (eg, diphenhydramine), should be discontinued. Gabapentinoids (eg, gabapentin, gabapentin enacarbil, pregabalin) are first-line pharmacologic therapy. In randomized clinical trials, approximately 70% of patients treated with gabapentinoids had much or very much improved RLS symptoms vs approximately 40% with placebo (P < .001). Dopamine agonists (eg, ropinirole, pramipexole, rotigotine) are no longer recommended as first-line medications due to the risk of augmentation, an iatrogenic worsening of RLS symptoms, which has an annual incidence of 7% to 10% with these medications. Patients who do not improve with first-line treatment or have augmented RLS often benefit from low-dose opioids (eg, methadone 5-10 mg daily).

Conclusions and Relevance Restless legs syndrome affects approximately 3% of adults and can have negative effects on sleep and quality of life. Initial management includes cessation of exacerbating medications, as well as iron supplementation for patients with low-normal iron indices. If medication therapy is indicated, gabapentinoids are first-line treatment.

Author/s:

John W. Winkelman, Benjamin Wipper

Approach to pelvic venous disorders

Hope Smashey — Wed, 26 Nov 2025 02:00:39 +0000

Date Added:

November 25, 2025

Publisher:

Can Fam Physician

Publication Date:

November 25, 2025

Issue:

Volume:

11-12

Pages:

699-703

URL:

Approach to pelvic venous disorders

Type:

Meta-analyses, Reviews, and Guidelines

Format:

Article

DOI (1):

10.46747/cfp.711112699

Keywords

Vascular Surgical Procedures

hypertension

PMID (1):

41285637

MeSH

Vascular Surgical Procedures

Pelvis

Pelvic Pain

hypertension

A review of relatively common chronic venous abnormalities in the female pelvis that can cause LE varicosities and pelvic pain. James W. Mold, MD, MPH

Free full text

View

Objective: To provide a practical guide to help family physicians recognize, diagnose, and manage patients with pelvic venous disorders (PeVDs), often overlooked as causes of chronic pelvic pain and varicose veins.

Sources of information: This review is based on guidelines from the American Venous Forum, the Society for Vascular Surgery, the American Vein and Lymphatic Society, the Society of Interventional Radiology, and the European Society for Vascular Surgery.

Main message: PeVDs are common, though frequently misdiagnosed, causes of chronic pelvic pain and varicose veins predominantly in female patients. These conditions arise from venous reflux or obstruction, which can cause varicose veins and venous hypertension in the renal hilum, pelvis, perineum, and lower extremities. Family physicians should recognize the clinical signs of PeVDs and use appropriate imaging to confirm diagnoses. Interventional treatments, including embolization and stenting, are effective for symptom management and improving patient outcomes.

Conclusion: Early recognition of patients with PeVDs by family physicians is crucial for timely and effective treatment. By using appropriate diagnostic tools and making timely referrals, physicians can substantially improve patients' quality of life.

Author/s:

Andrew D Brown

Restless Legs Syndrome in Adult Primary Care

Megan George — Thu, 28 Aug 2025 18:35:42 +0000

Date Added:

August 28, 2025

Journal/Publication:

Cureus

Publication Date:

August 14, 2025

Issue:

Volume:

URL:

Restless Legs Syndrome in Adult Primary Care

Type:

Meta-analyses, Reviews, and Guidelines

Format:

Article

DOI (1):

10.7759/cureus.90090

Keywords

Restless Legs Syndrome

MeSH

Restless Legs Syndrome

Dopamine Agonists

Sleep Hygiene

Neuromuscular Diseases

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

Life Style

Iron Deficiencies

A review of the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of patients with restless legs syndrome. James W. Mold, MD, MPH

Free full text

View

Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) or Willis‑Ekbom Disease is a sensorimotor condition marked by an irresistible need to move the legs, typically accompanied by uncomfortable sensations that peak during periods of rest and disrupt nightly sleep. Early identification in primary care is essential, as timely intervention can dramatically improve the patient's quality of life. Diagnosis relies on a focused clinical history, guided by targeted questions that explore symptom timing, triggers, and relief measures. Management begins with non‑pharmacological strategies, such as optimizing sleep hygiene and correcting iron deficiency, before progressing to pharmacologic options like gabapentinoids or dopamine agonists when needed. By combining lifestyle modifications with tailored medication plans, clinicians can effectively reduce symptoms and improve sleep quality.

Author/s:

Mathur A, Bhat A, Gohar A

Canadian guideline for Parkinson disease

Erin Blanchette — Wed, 12 Mar 2025 21:31:08 +0000

Date Added:

March 12, 2025

Journal/Publication:

Canadian Medical Association Journal

Publisher:

Canadian Medical Association

Publication Date:

September 9, 2019

Issue:

Volume:

191

Pages:

E989-E1004

URL:

Canadian guideline for Parkinson disease

Type:

Meta-analyses, Reviews, and Guidelines

Format:

Article

DOI (1):

10.1503/cmaj.181504

Keywords

PMID (1):

31501181

MeSH

Deep Brain Stimulation

Parkinson Disease / diagnosis*

Parkinson Disease / physiopathology

Parkinson Disease / therapy

quality of life

An updated Canadian guideline for the diagnosis and management of Parkinson's Disease. James W. Mold, MD, MPH

Free full text

View

KEY POINTS

This guideline update reflects substantial changes in the literature on diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson disease, and adds information on palliative care.

Impulse control disorders can develop in a person with Parkinson disease who is on any dopaminergic therapy at any stage in the disease course, especially for those taking dopamine agonists.

Advanced therapies like deep brain stimulation and intrajejunal levodopa-carbidopa gel infusion are now routinely used in Parkinson disease to manage motor symptoms and fluctuations.

Evidence exists to support early institution of exercise at the time of diagnosis of Parkinson disease, in addition to the clear benefit now shown in those with well-established disease.

Palliative care requirements of people with Parkinson disease should be considered throughout all phases of the disease, which includes an option of medical assistance in dying.

Parkinson disease is chronic and progressive in nature, decreasing the quality of life for both patients with the disease and their caregivers and placing an onerous economic burden on society.1

The first Canadian guideline on Parkinson disease was published in 2012.2 Since that guideline, there have been substantial advances in the literature on the disease, particularly with respect to diagnostic criteria and treatment options. Parkinson Canada undertook to update the existing guideline to reflect these advances, as well as to add information on palliative care.

With the aim of enhancing care for all Canadians with Parkinson disease, this guideline is based on the best published evidence, involves expert consensus when there is a lack of evidence, offers practical clinical advice, takes patient choice and informed decision-making into account and is relevant to the Canadian health care system. The guideline has been divided into 5 main sections to improve the ease of use: communication, diagnosis and progression, treatment, nonmotor features and palliative care. The full guideline is available in Appendix 1, at www.cmaj.ca/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1503/cmaj.181504/-/DC1.

Author/s:

David Grimes, Megan Fitzpatrick, Joyce Gordon, Janis Miyasaki, Edward A Fon, Michael Schlossmacher, Oksana Suchowersky, Alexander Rajput, Anne Louise Lafontaine, Tiago Mestre, Silke Appel-Cresswell, Suneil K Kalia, Kerrie Schoffer, Mateusz Zurowski, Ronald B Postuma, Sean Udow, Susan Fox, Pauline Barbeau, Brian Hutton

Clinical practice guideline for management of osteoporosis and fracture prevention in Canada: 2023 update

Rowan Hutchins — Sun, 15 Oct 2023 05:00:00 +0000

Date Added:

October 15, 2023

Journal/Publication:

CMAJ

Publisher:

CMA

Publication Date:

October 10, 2023

Issue:

Volume:

195

Pages:

E1333-E1348

URL:

Clinical practice guideline for management of osteoporosis and fracture prevention in Canada: 2023 update

Type:

Meta-analyses, Reviews, and Guidelines

Format:

Article

DOI (1):

10.1503/cmaj.221647

Keywords

quality of life

fracture

PMID (1):

37816527

MeSH

Fractures

Bone*

Osteoporosis* / complications

Osteoporosis* / diagnosis

Osteoporosis* / drug therapy

The updated Canadian guidelines for assessing and reducing fracture risk in postmenopausal women. James W. Mold, MD, MPH

Free full text

View

Fracture risk increases with advancing age, as a result of declining skeletal strength and increased risk of falling. In Canada, more than 2 million people live with osteoporosis.1 Every year in Canada, about 150 people per 100 000 suffer a hip fracture, which is considered among the most serious fractures associated with osteoporosis. Fractures lead to increased morbidity, excess mortality, decreased quality of life and loss of autonomy.2 Although osteoporosis is often considered a disease of older females, males are remarkably underevaluated and undertreated for the condition despite suffering worse outcomes following fracture,3 highlighting the importance of providing guidance in males.

Osteoporosis, defined as a bone mineral density (BMD) of 2.5 or more standard deviations below the peak bone mass (i.e., T-score ≤ −2.5), is an indicator of increased fracture risk; this risk is modified by age, sex and other factors.4 A clinical diagnosis of osteoporosis can be made in people aged 50 years and older if they have sustained a low-trauma hip, vertebral, humerus or pelvic fracture after the age of 40 years, or if they have an absolute fracture risk of 20% or more over the next 10 years, using a fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX or the Canadian Association of Radiologists and Osteoporosis Canada [CAROC]).5–7

Advances in risk assessment and nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic management warranted an update to the Osteoporosis Canada 2010 clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in Canada

Author/s:

Suzanne N. Morin, Sidney Feldman, Larry Funnell, Lora Giangregorio, Sandra Kim, Heather McDonald-Blumer, Nancy Santesso, Rowena Ridout, Wendy Ward

Ulcerative Colitis in Adults: A Review

Rowan Hutchins — Tue, 03 Oct 2023 05:00:00 +0000

Date Added:

October 3, 2023

Journal/Publication:

JAMA

Publisher:

AMA

Publication Date:

September 12, 2023

Issue:

Volume:

330

Pages:

951-965

URL:

Ulcerative Colitis in Adults: A Review

Type:

Meta-analyses, Reviews, and Guidelines

Format:

Article

DOI (1):

10.1001/jama.2023.15389

Keywords

ulcerative colitis

Mesalamine

quality of life

PMID (1):

37698559

MeSH

Antibodies

Anitbodies, Monoclonal

Colitis

Ulcerative* / complications

Ulcerative* / diagnosis

Colorectal Neoplasms* / diagnosis

Colorectal Neoplasms* / epidemiology

A review of ulcerative colitis in adults. James W. Mold, MD, MPH

Commercial full text (fees may apply)

View

Importance: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the colon, with a prevalence exceeding 400 per 100 000 in North America. Individuals with UC have a lower life expectancy and are at increased risk for colectomy and colorectal cancer.

Author/s:

Gros, Beatriz, Kaplan, Gilaad

Diagnosis and management of depression in adolescents

Aubrey Delammermore — Wed, 31 May 2023 05:00:00 +0000

Date Added:

May 31, 2023

Journal/Publication:

CMAJ

Publisher:

CMA Impact Inc

Publication Date:

May 29, 2023

Issue:

Volume:

195

Pages:

E739-E746

URL:

Diagnosis and management of depression in adolescents

Type:

Meta-analyses, Reviews, and Guidelines

Format:

Article

DOI (1):

10.1503/cmaj.220966

Keywords

depression

diagnosis and management

adolescents

adolescent psychiatry

quality of life

PMID (1):

37247881

MeSH

Humans

adolescent

Depression* / diagnosis

Depression* / therapy

Psychotropic Drugs

A concise review of what we know about screening and treatment of adolescents suffering with depression. James W. Mold, MD, MPH

Free full text

View

Depression is common among adolescents in Canada and has the potential to negatively affect long-term function and quality of life; despite this, in most affected adolescents depression remains undetected and untreated.

Management requires a multimodal approach, including risk assessment, psychoeducation, psychotherapeutic and pharmacologic treatment, and interventions to address contributing factors.

Support from child and adolescent psychiatrists may be required in the case of diagnostic uncertainty and complex presentations, as well as for patients who do not respond to first-line treatments.

Author/s:

Korczak, D. J., Westwell-Roper, C., Sassi, R.

A pragmatic approach to the management of menopause

Aubrey Delammermore — Wed, 17 May 2023 05:00:00 +0000

Date Added:

May 17, 2023

Journal/Publication:

CMAJ

Publisher:

CMA Impact Inc

Publication Date:

May 15, 2023

Issue:

Volume:

195

Pages:

E677-72

URL:

A pragmatic approach to the management of menopause

Type:

Meta-analyses, Reviews, and Guidelines

Format:

Article

DOI (1):

37188372

Keywords

PMID (1):

10.1503/cmaj.221438

MeSH

A nice review of treatment options for patients with menopausal symptoms. James W. Mold, MD, MPH

Free full text

View

Menopause is defined as 1 year of amenorrhea caused by
declining ovarian reserve or as the onset of vasomotor
symptoms in people with iatrogenic amenorrhea. It is preceded
by perimenopause or the menopause transition, which can last
for as long as 10 years. Although many treatments exist for
menopausal symptoms, fears around the risks of menopausal
hormone therapy and lack of knowledge regarding treatment
options often impede patients from receiving treatment. In this
review, we summarize the evidence for treating menopausal
symptoms and discuss their risks and benefits to help guide
clinicians to evaluate and treat patients during the menopausal
transition (Box 1).
• Menopausal symptoms can occur for as long as 10 years before
the last menstrual period and are associated with substantial
morbidity and negative impacts on quality of life.
• Menopausal hormone therapy is indicated as first-line
treatment of vasomotor symptoms, and is a safe treatment
option for patients with no contraindications.
• Though less effective, nonhormonal treatments also exist to
treat vasomotor symptoms and sleep disturbances.
• It is critical that clinicians inquire about symptoms during the
menopause transition and discuss treatment options with
their patients.

Author/s:

Lega, I. C., Fine, A., Antoniades, M. L., Jacobson, M.

Effect of an Intranasal Corticosteroid on Quality of Life and Local Microbiome in Young Children With Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Aubrey Delammermore — Wed, 05 Apr 2023 05:00:00 +0000

Date Added:

April 5, 2023

Journal/Publication:

JAMA Pediatrics

Publisher:

American Medical Association

Publication Date:

April 1, 2023

Issue:

Volume:

177

Pages:

345-352

URL:

Effect of an Intranasal Corticosteroid on Quality of Life and Local Microbiome in Young Children With Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Type:

Clinical Research Results

Format:

Article

DOI (1):

10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.6172

Keywords

quality of life

Lymphocytes

Child, Preschool

Sodium Chloride / therapeutic use

Chronic Disease

PMID (1):

36848113

MeSH

Adrenal Cortex Hormones / therapeutic use

Immunity, Innate

Nasal Polyps* / drug therapy

Rhinitis* / drug therapy

Sinusitis* / drug therapy

Reassuring evidence that intranasal corticosteroids are beneficial and actually may improve the nasal biome in children with chronic rhinosinusitis. James W. Mold, MD, MPH

Free full text

View

Importance: Intranasal corticosteroids (INCs) remain the first-line treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in both adults and children, despite the lack of evidence regarding their efficacy in the pediatric population. Similarly, their effect on the sinonasal microbiome has not been well documented.

Objective: To assess the clinical, immunological, and microbiological effects of 12 weeks of an INC in young children with CRS.

Design, setting, and participants: This open-label randomized clinical trial was performed in a pediatric allergy outpatient clinic in 2017 and 2018. Children aged 4 to 8 years with CRS diagnosed by a specialist were included. Data were analyzed from January 2022 to June 2022.

Interventions: Patients were randomized to receive intranasal mometasone in an atomizer for 12 weeks (1 application per nostril, once per day) and supplemental 3-mL sodium chloride (NaCl), 0.9%, solution in a nasal nebulizer once a day for 12 weeks (INC group) or 3-mL NaCl, 0.9%, solution in a nasal nebulizer once a day for 12 weeks (control group).

Main outcomes and measures: Measures taken both before and after treatment included the Sinus and Nasal Quality of Life Survey (SN-5), a nasopharynx swab for microbiome analysis by next-generation sequencing methods, and nasal mucosa sampling for occurrence of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs).

Results: Of the 66 children enrolled, 63 completed the study. The mean (SD) age of the cohort was 6.1 (1.3) years; 38 participants (60.3%) were male and 25 (39.7%) were female. The clinical improvement reflected by reduction in SN-5 score was significantly higher in the INC group compared with the control group (INC group score before and after treatment, 3.6 and 3.1, respectively; control group score before and after treatment, 3.4 and 3.8, respectively; mean between-group difference, -0.58; 95% CI, -1.31 to -0.19; P = .009). The INC group had a greater increase in nasopharyngeal microbiome richness and larger decrease in nasal ILC3 abundance compared with the control group. A significant interaction was observed between change in microbiome richness and the INC intervention on the prediction of significant clinical improvement (odds ratio, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.01-1.19; P = .03).

Conclusions and relevance: This randomized clinical trial demonstrated that treatment with an INC improved the quality of life of children with CRS and had a significant effect on increasing sinonasal biodiversity. Although further investigation is needed of the long-term efficacy and safety of INCs, these data may reinforce the recommendation of using INCs as a first-line treatment of CRS in children.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03011632.

Author/s:

Latek, M., Lacwik, P., Molinska, K., Blauz, A., Lach, J., Rychlik, B., Strapagiel, D., Majak, J., Czech, D., Seweryn, M., Kuna, P., Palczynski, C., Majak, P.

Air Quality Index and Childhood Asthma: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial Intervention

Aubrey Delammermore — Wed, 18 Jan 2023 06:00:00 +0000

Date Added:

January 18, 2023

Journal/Publication:

American Journal of Preventative Medicine

Publisher:

Elsevier

Publication Date:

January 13, 2023

Pages:

1-5

URL:

Air Quality Index and Childhood Asthma: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial Intervention

Type:

Clinical Research Results

Format:

Article

DOI (1):

10.1016/j.amepre.2022.12.010

Keywords

PMID (1):

36642643

MeSH

air pollution

Surveys and Questionnaires

child

random allocation

asthma

Adding instructions regarding use of the Air Quality Index to asthma action plans improved asthma control in children. James W. Mold, MD, MPH

Free full text

View

Introduction: To reduce air pollution exposure, the U.S. asthma guidelines recommend that children check the Air Quality Index before outdoor activity. Whether adding the Air Quality Index and recommendations to asthma action plans reduces exacerbations and improves control and quality of life in children with asthma is unknown.

Methods: A pilot, unblinded, randomized clinical trial of 40 children with persistent asthma, stratified by age and randomized 1:1, recruited from the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (Pittsburgh, PA) was conducted. All participants received asthma action plans and Air Quality Index education. The intervention group received printed Air Quality Index information and showed the ability to use AirNow. Asthma exacerbations were assessed through a questionnaire, asthma control was assessed with the Asthma Control Test and Childhood Asthma Control Test, and quality of life was assessed with the Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire. After randomization (July-October 2020), participants were followed monthly for 6 months (exit January-March 2021). Outcome differences between groups were evaluated at the exit visit and over time (analysis was in 2021).

Results: At randomization, there were no significant differences in age, sex, race, or asthma severity. At exit, more intervention participants checked the Air Quality Index (63% vs 15%) with no differences in the proportion of asthma exacerbations or mean Childhood Asthma Control Test or Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire scores. The mean change in Asthma Control Test score was higher in the intervention group (change in Asthma Control Test=2.00 vs 0.15 for the control), which was modified by time (β=1.85, CI=0.09, 3.61). Physical activity was decreased overall and showed modification by treatment and time.

Conclusions: Addition of the Air Quality Index to asthma action plans led to improved asthma control by Asthma Control Test scores but may decrease outdoor activity.

Author/s:

Rosser, F. J., Rothenberger, S. D., Han, Y., Forno, E., Celedón, J. C.

Progression of Atrial Fibrillation after Cryoablation or Drug Therapy

Aubrey Delammermore — Sat, 12 Nov 2022 06:00:00 +0000

Date Added:

November 12, 2022

Journal/Publication:

New England Journal of Medicine

Publisher:

Massachusetts Medical Society

Publication Date:

November 7, 2022

URL:

Progression of Atrial Fibrillation after Cryoablation or Drug Therapy

Type:

Clinical Research Results

Format:

Article

DOI (1):

10.1056/NEJMoa2212540

Keywords

quality of life

Tachycardia

Patient Acceptance of Health Care

Catheters

Confidence Intervals

PMID (1):

36342178

MeSH

anti-arrhythmia agents

atrial fibrillation

Thromboembolism

catheter ablation

Electric Countershock

In this RCT, cryoablation was superior to anti-arrhythmic drug therapy for initial management of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. James W. Mold, MD, MPH

Free full text

View

Background: Atrial fibrillation is a chronic, progressive disorder, and persistent forms of atrial fibrillation are associated with increased risks of thromboembolism and heart failure. Catheter ablation as initial therapy may modify the pathogenic mechanism of atrial fibrillation and alter progression to persistent atrial fibrillation.

Methods: We report the 3-year follow-up of patients with paroxysmal, untreated atrial fibrillation who were enrolled in a trial in which they had been randomly assigned to undergo initial rhythm-control therapy with cryoballoon ablation or to receive antiarrhythmic drug therapy. All the patients had implantable loop recorders placed at the time of trial entry, and evaluation was conducted by means of downloaded daily recordings and in-person visits every 6 months. Data regarding the first episode of persistent atrial fibrillation (lasting ≥7 days or lasting 48 hours to 7 days but requiring cardioversion for termination), recurrent atrial tachyarrhythmia (defined as atrial fibrillation, flutter, or tachycardia lasting ≥30 seconds), the burden of atrial fibrillation (percentage of time in atrial fibrillation), quality-of-life metrics, health care utilization, and safety were collected.

Results: A total of 303 patients were enrolled, with 154 patients assigned to undergo initial rhythm-control therapy with cryoballoon ablation and 149 assigned to receive antiarrhythmic drug therapy. Over 36 months of follow-up, 3 patients (1.9%) in the ablation group had an episode of persistent atrial fibrillation, as compared with 11 patients (7.4%) in the antiarrhythmic drug group (hazard ratio, 0.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.09 to 0.70). Recurrent atrial tachyarrhythmia occurred in 87 patients in the ablation group (56.5%) and in 115 in the antiarrhythmic drug group (77.2%) (hazard ratio, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.67). The median percentage of time in atrial fibrillation was 0.00% (interquartile range, 0.00 to 0.12) in the ablation group and 0.24% (interquartile range, 0.01 to 0.94) in the antiarrhythmic drug group. At 3 years, 8 patients (5.2%) in the ablation group and 25 (16.8%) in the antiarrhythmic drug group had been hospitalized (relative risk, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.14 to 0.66). Serious adverse events occurred in 7 patients (4.5%) in the ablation group and in 15 (10.1%) in the antiarrhythmic drug group.

Conclusions: Initial treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation with catheter cryoballoon ablation was associated with a lower incidence of persistent atrial fibrillation or recurrent atrial tachyarrhythmia over 3 years of follow-up than initial use of antiarrhythmic drugs. (Funded by the Cardiac Arrhythmia Network of Canada and others; EARLY-AF ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02825979.).

Author/s:

Andrade, J.G., Deyell, M. W., Macle, L., Wells, G. A., Bennett, M., Essebag, V., Champagne, J., Roux, J., Yung, D., Skanes, A., Khaykin, Y., Morillo, C., Jolly, U., Novak, P., Lockwood, E., Cadrin-Tourigny, J., Kochhäuser, S., Verma, A.

Conservative interventions for treating urinary incontinence in women: an Overview of Cochrane systematic reviews

Aubrey Delammermore — Sat, 01 Oct 2022 05:00:00 +0000

Date Added:

October 1, 2022

Journal/Publication:

Cochrane Database Syst Rev

Publisher:

John Wiley & Sons

Publication Date:

September 2, 2022

Issue:

Volume:

URL:

Conservative interventions for treating urinary incontinence in women: an Overview of Cochrane systematic reviews

Type:

Meta-analyses, Reviews, and Guidelines

Format:

Article

DOI (1):

10.1002/14651858.CD012337.pub2

Keywords

weight loss

stress urinary incontinence

urgency urinary incontinence

mixed urinary incontinence

quality of life

PMID (1):

36053030

MeSH

pelvic floor

female

Urinary incontinence* / therapy

systematic reviews as topic

exercise therapy

Non-pharmacologic treatments are more effective than pharmacologic treatments for urinary incontinence in women. This is a Cochrane review of the evidence pertaining to nonpharmacologic treatments for stress, urge, and mixed urinary incontinence. James W. Mold, MD, MPH

Commercial full text (fees may apply)

View

Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) is the involuntary loss of urine and can be caused by several different conditions. The common types of UI are stress (SUI), urgency (UUI) and mixed (MUI). A wide range of interventions can be delivered to reduce the symptoms of UI in women. Conservative interventions are generally recommended as the first line of treatment.

Objectives: To summarise Cochrane Reviews that assessed the effects of conservative interventions for treating UI in women.

Methods: We searched the Cochrane Library to January 2021 (CDSR; 2021, Issue 1) and included any Cochrane Review that included studies with women aged 18 years or older with a clinical diagnosis of SUI, UUI or MUI, and investigating a conservative intervention aimed at improving or curing UI. We included reviews that compared a conservative intervention with 'control' (which included placebo, no treatment or usual care), another conservative intervention or another active, but non-conservative, intervention. A stakeholder group informed the selection and synthesis of evidence. Two overview authors independently applied the inclusion criteria, extracted data and judged review quality, resolving disagreements through discussion. Primary outcomes of interest were patient-reported cure or improvement and condition-specific quality of life. We judged the risk of bias in included reviews using the ROBIS tool. We judged the certainty of evidence within the reviews based on the GRADE approach. Evidence relating to SUI, UUI or all types of UI combined (AUI) were synthesised separately. The AUI group included evidence relating to participants with MUI, as well as from studies that combined women with different diagnoses (i.e. SUI, UUI and MUI) and studies in which the type of UI was unclear.

Main results: We included 29 relevant Cochrane Reviews. Seven focused on physical therapies; five on education, behavioural and lifestyle advice; one on mechanical devices; one on acupuncture and one on yoga. Fourteen focused on non-conservative interventions but had a comparison with a conservative intervention. No reviews synthesised evidence relating to psychological therapies. There were 112 unique trials (including 8975 women) that had primary outcome data included in at least one analysis. Stress urinary incontinence (14 reviews) Conservative intervention versus control: there was moderate or high certainty evidence that pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT), PFMT plus biofeedback and cones were more beneficial than control for curing or improving UI. PFMT and intravaginal devices improved quality of life compared to control. One conservative intervention versus another conservative intervention: for cure and improvement of UI, there was moderate or high certainty evidence that: continence pessary plus PFMT was more beneficial than continence pessary alone; PFMT plus educational intervention was more beneficial than cones; more-intensive PFMT was more beneficial than less-intensive PFMT; and PFMT plus an adherence strategy was more beneficial than PFMT alone. There was no moderate or high certainty evidence for quality of life. Urgency urinary incontinence (five reviews) Conservative intervention versus control: there was moderate to high-certainty evidence demonstrating that PFMT plus feedback, PFMT plus biofeedback, electrical stimulation and bladder training were more beneficial than control for curing or improving UI. Women using electrical stimulation plus PFMT had higher quality of life than women in the control group. One conservative intervention versus another conservative intervention: for cure or improvement, there was moderate certainty evidence that electrical stimulation was more effective than laseropuncture. There was high or moderate certainty evidence that PFMT resulted in higher quality of life than electrical stimulation and electrical stimulation plus PFMT resulted in better cure or improvement and higher quality of life than PFMT alone. All types of urinary incontinence (13 reviews) Conservative intervention versus control: there was moderate to high certainty evidence of better cure or improvement with PFMT, electrical stimulation, weight loss and cones compared to control. There was moderate certainty evidence of improved quality of life with PFMT compared to control. One conservative intervention versus another conservative intervention: there was moderate or high certainty evidence of better cure or improvement for PFMT with bladder training than bladder training alone. Likewise, PFMT with more individual health professional supervision was more effective than less contact/supervision and more-intensive PFMT was more beneficial than less-intensive PFMT. There was moderate certainty evidence that PFMT plus bladder training resulted in higher quality of life than bladder training alone.

Authors' conclusions: There is high certainty that PFMT is more beneficial than control for all types of UI for outcomes of cure or improvement and quality of life. We are moderately certain that, if PFMT is more intense, more frequent, with individual supervision, with/without combined with behavioural interventions with/without an adherence strategy, effectiveness is improved. We are highly certain that, for cure or improvement, cones are more beneficial than control (but not PFMT) for women with SUI, electrical stimulation is beneficial for women with UUI, and weight loss results in more cure and improvement than control for women with AUI. Most evidence within the included Cochrane Reviews is of low certainty. It is important that future new and updated Cochrane Reviews develop questions that are more clinically useful, avoid multiple overlapping reviews and consult women with UI to further identify outcomes of importance.

Author/s:

Todhunter-Brown, A., Hazelton, ,C., Campbell, P., Elders, A., Hagen, S., McClurg, D.

Acupuncture Treatment for Symptom Management in Atopic Dermatitis: A Study Protocol for a Randomized, Participant- and Assessor-Blind, Sham-Controlled Trial

Saige Blanchard — Wed, 05 May 2021 05:00:00 +0000

Date Added:

May 5, 2021

Journal/Publication:

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Publication Date:

May 2, 2019

URL:

Acupuncture Treatment for Symptom Management in Atopic Dermatitis: A Study Protocol for a Randomized, Participant- and Assessor-Blind, Sham-Controlled Trial

Type:

Clinical Research Results

Format:

Article

DOI (1):

https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/1907578

Keywords

PMID (1):

31186656

MeSH

I would never have imagined that acupuncture could help patients with atopic dermatitis, but it looks like it can.

James W. Mold, MD, MPH

Free full text

View

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with persistent itching, which impairs quality of life (QoL). Although various conventional treatments for AD exist, patients with AD often seek complementary and alternative therapies when conventional therapy has failed to relieve their AD symptoms or has had adverse effects. Acupuncture treatment may relieve AD symptoms, but controlled trials are needed to confirm this. Following our pilot study, which found that acupuncture treatment improves AD symptoms in mild-to-moderate AD patients, we will assess the effect of acupuncture treatment for symptom relief of AD using a trial with a complemented protocol. This is a two-arm, randomized, participant- and assessor-blinded, sham-controlled trial. A total of 36 mild-to-moderate AD patients will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive eight sessions twice weekly of either verum acupuncture (VA) or nonpenetrating sham acupuncture (SA) over four weeks. The primary outcome measured will be the change in the total Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) score. Secondary outcomes will be (1) changes in AD symptoms, QoL, dyspepsia symptoms, and electroencephalography (EEG) between baseline and week 4 and (2) changes in AD symptoms and QoL at baseline and at weeks 2, 4, and 8. This study will assess acupuncture treatment for the alleviation of AD symptoms in patients with mild-to-moderate AD. This clinical trial gas been registered in Korean Clinical Trial Registry (registration number: KCT0002796; date of registration: April 13, 2018).

Author/s:

Park. J. G., Park, H.J., Chae, Y., Kim, Y., Lee, H., Kim, K.