Appetite

ADHD Diagnosis and Treatment in Children and Adolescents

Alex Haga — Fri, 05 Apr 2024 00:54:05 +0000

Date Added:

April 4, 2024

Journal/Publication:

Comparative Effectiveness Review

Publisher:

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality

Publication Date:

March 1, 2024

URL:

ADHD Diagnosis and Treatment in Children and Adolescents

Type:

Meta-analyses, Reviews, and Guidelines

Format:

Article

DOI (1):

https://doi.org/10.23970/AHRQEPCCER267

An evidence-based summary of what we currently know about the diagnosis and treatment of children with ADHD. James W. Mold, MD, MPH

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Objective. The systematic review assessed evidence on the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents to inform a planned update of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines.

Data sources. We searched PubMed®, Embase®, PsycINFO®, ERIC, clinicaltrials.gov, and prior reviews for primary studies published since 1980. The report includes studies published to June 15, 2023.

Review methods. The review followed a detailed protocol and was supported by a Technical Expert Panel. Citation screening was facilitated by machine learning; two independent reviewers screened full text citations for eligibility. We abstracted data using software designed for systematic reviews. Risk of bias assessments focused on key sources of bias for diagnostic and intervention studies. We conducted strength of evidence (SoE) and applicability assessments for key outcomes. The protocol for the review has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022312656).

Results. Searches identified 23,139 citations, and 7,534 were obtained as full text. We included 550 studies reported in 1,097 publications (231 studies addressed diagnosis, 312 studies addressed treatment, and 10 studies addressed monitoring). Diagnostic studies reported on the diagnostic performance of numerous parental ratings, teacher rating scales, teen/child self-reports, clinician tools, neuropsychological tests, EEG approaches, imaging, and biomarkers. Multiple approaches showed promising diagnostic performance (e.g., using parental rating scales), although estimates of performance varied considerably across studies and the SoE was generally low. Few studies reported estimates for children under the age of 7. Treatment studies evaluated combined pharmacological and behavior approaches, medication approved by the Food and Drug Administration, other pharmacologic treatment, psychological/behavioral approaches, cognitive training, neurofeedback, neurostimulation, physical exercise, nutrition and supplements, integrative medicine, parent support, school interventions, and provider or model-of-care interventions. Medication treatment was associated with improved broadband scale scores and ADHD symptoms (high SoE) as well as function (moderate SoE), but also appetite suppression and adverse events (high SoE). Psychosocial interventions also showed improvement in ADHD symptoms based on moderate SoE. Few studies have evaluated combinations of pharmacological and youth-directed psychosocial interventions, and we did not find combinations that were systematically superior to monotherapy (low SoE). Published monitoring approaches for ADHD were limited and the SoE is insufficient.

Conclusion. Many diagnostic tools are available to aid the diagnosis of ADHD, but few monitoring strategies have been studied. Medication therapies remain important treatment options, although with a risk of side effects, as the evidence base for psychosocial therapies strengthens and other nondrug treatment approaches emerge.

Author/s:

Peterson, BS, Trampush, J, Maglione, M, Bolshakova, M, Brown, M., Rozelle, M

New in Spanish! Seasonal Affective Disorder Fact Sheet

Erin Blanchette — Tue, 12 Mar 2024 16:07:36 +0000

Date Added:

March 12, 2024

Journal/Publication:

National Institute of Mental Health

Publisher:

National Institute of Health

Publication Date:

February 26, 2024

URL:

New in Spanish! Seasonal Affective Disorder Fact Sheet

Type:

Patient Education Materials

Format:

Web Page

Keywords

spanish

Seasonal Affective Disorder

depression

light therapy

MeSH

Seasonal Affective Disorder

Information for patients about seasonal affective disorder. James W. Mold, MD, MPH

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This fact sheet provides information about seasonal affective disorder (SAD), a type of depression. It includes a description of SAD, signs and symptoms, how SAD is diagnosed, causes, and treatment options.

Esta hoja informativa ofrece una descripción del trastorno afectivo estacional, un tipo de depresión, e incluye información general sobre el trastorno, sus signos y síntomas, cómo se diagnostica, cuáles son las causas y las opciones de tratamiento disponibles.

Seasonal Affective Disorder

Erin Blanchette — Wed, 03 Jan 2024 21:04:47 +0000

Date Added:

January 3, 2024

Journal/Publication:

National Institutes of Health

Publisher:

U.S. Department of Health & Human Services

Issue:

NIH Publication No. 23-MH-8138

URL:

Seasonal Affective Disorder

Type:

Patient Education Materials

Format:

Web Page

Keywords

Seasonal Affective Disorder

MeSH

Seasonal Affective Disorder

depression

sleep initiation and maintenance disorders

Social Isolation

Appetite

sleep

A summary of information on seasonal affective disorder for patients from the US Dept. of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Disorders. James W. Mold, MD, MPH

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What is seasonal affective disorder?

Many people go through short periods when they feel sad or unlike their usual selves. Sometimes, these mood changes begin and end when the seasons change. Many people feel "down" or have the "winter blues" when the days get shorter in the fall and winter and feel better in the spring when longer daylight hours return.

Sometimes, these mood changes are more serious and can affect how a person feels, thinks, and behaves. If you have noticed significant changes in your mood and behavior when the seasons change, you may be experiencing seasonal affective disorder (SAD).

In most cases, SAD symptoms start in the late fall or early winter and go away during the spring and summer, known as winter-pattern SAD or winter depression. Other people experience depressive symptoms during the spring and summer months, known as summer-pattern SAD or summer depression. Summer-pattern SAD is less common.