Diagnosis and management of polycystic ovarian syndrome

KEY POINTS

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a chronic disorder associated with infertility; miscarriage; adverse pregnancy outcomes; and cardiovascular, metabolic, psychological and neoplastic risks.

DIagnosis of PCOS can be made based on the presence of any 2 of menstrual irregularities, clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism or polycystic ovarian morphology on transvaginal ultrasonography.

Treatment of PCOS may target anovulation, androgen excess, hyperinsulinemia and weight management.

Patients with PCOS should have regular monitoring of their body mass index, blood pressure and metabolic parameters, and should be regularly screened for depression, anxiety and obstructive sleep apnea.