Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: Evidence Summary
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Purpose of Review
To assess which noninvasive nonpharmacological treatments for common chronic pain conditions improve function and pain for at least 1 month after treatment.
Key Messages
• Interventions that improved function and/ or pain for at least 1 month when used for—
– Chronic low back pain: Exercise, psychological therapies (primarily cognitive behavioral therapy [CBT]), spinal manipulation, low-level laser therapy, massage, mindfulness-based stress reduction, yoga, acupuncture, multidisciplinary rehabilitation (MDR).
– Chronic neck pain: Exercise, lowlevel laser, Alexander Technique, acupuncture.
– Knee osteoarthritis: Exercise, ultrasound.
– Hip osteoarthritis: Exercise, manual therapies.
– Fibromyalgia: Exercise, CBT, myofascial release massage, tai chi, qigong, acupuncture, MDR.
– Chronic tension headache: Spinal manipulation.
• Most effects were small. Long-term evidence was sparse.
• There was no evidence suggesting serious harms from any of the interventions studied; data on harms were limited.
