Importance: New smoking cessation medication options are needed. Cytisinicline, a partial agonist at α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, has demonstrated smoking cessation efficacy in 1 US trial. Additional evidence is needed.
Objective: To reproduce the findings of the efficacy and...
Importance: The US Supreme Court decision Murphy v National Collegiate Athletic Association allowed states beyond Nevada to legalize sports betting, including online wagers. How sports betting has evolved and its association with gambling harms has not been studied.
Objective: To describe...
Importance: Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are prevalent in children, prompting frequent health care consultations, especially among those with fever. Probiotics show potential as an adjuvant treatment for URTIs, but evidence in children is limited.
Objective: To evaluate the...
Background: Cataract extraction with intraocular lens insertion (CEIOL) is among the most frequently performed surgeries in the United States and is indicated for individuals with age-related cataracts causing visual impairment. The association between CEIOL and falls and hip fractures has been...
Importance Active monitoring for low-risk ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast has been proposed as an alternative to guideline-concordant care, but the safety of this approach is unknown.
Objective To compare rates of invasive cancer in patients with low-risk DCIS receiving...
Studies suggest that inducing gut microbiota changes may alter both muscle physiology and cognitive behaviour. Gut microbiota may play a role in both anabolic resistance of older muscle, and cognition. In this placebo controlled double blinded randomised controlled trial of 36 twin pairs (72...
Background
Bacterial vaginosis affects one third of reproductive-aged women, and recurrence is common. Evidence of sexual exchange of bacterial vaginosis–associated organisms between partners suggests that male-partner treatment may increase the likelihood of cure.
Methods
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Background: Hemoglobin SC (HbSC) is a common sickle hemoglobinopathy that causes acute complications, chronic organ damage, and early death with no established disease-modifying treatment. In this trial, we examined the safety and efficacy of hydroxyurea treatment in patients with HbSC.
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Importance: Clinical trials have demonstrated high vaccine efficacy (VE) against lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) but enrolled a smaller proportion of persons aged 75 years or older and those with comorbidities than seen in highest-risk populations in clinical practice settings....
Background: A prescribing cascade occurs when medication causes an adverse drug reaction (ADR) that leads to the prescription of additional medication. Prescribing cascades can cause excess medication burden, which is of particular concern in older adults. This study aims to identify and...
