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Chronic Constipation

Author/s: Bharucha, AE, Wald, A

Constipation is a common symptom that may be primary (idiopathic or functional) or associated with a number of disorders or medications. Although most constipation is self-managed by patients, 22% seek health care, mostly to primary care physicians (>50%) and gastroenterologists (14%),...

Keywords/Tags:
chronic constipation constipation laxatives opiod-induced consitpation

Vaccines for International Travel

Author/s: Freedman, DO, Chen, LH

The pretravel management of the international traveler should be based on risk management principles. Prevention strategies and medical interventions should be based on the itinerary, preexisting health factors, and behaviors that are unique to the traveler. A structured approach to the patient...

Keywords/Tags:
vaccines travel international travel travel vaccine immunizations

Is It Possible to Make a Correct Diagnosis of Lyme Disease on Symptoms Alone? Review of Key Issues and Public Health Implications

Author/s: Baker, PJ

There is much confusion and misinformation about the diagnosis of Lyme disease, as well as its treatment. This review explains why one cannot make a correct diagnosis of Lyme disease based on symptoms alone. It also provides evidence to support the validity of two-tier testing for the laboratory...

Keywords/Tags:
Diagnosis of Lyme disease Lyme disease public health implications symptoms of Lyme disease treatment of Lyme disease

Disorders of Arousal in adults: new diagnostic tools for clinical practice

Author/s: Loddo, G, Lopez, R, Cilea, R, Dauvillers, Y, Provini, F

Disorders of Arousal  (DOA) are mental and motor behaviors arising from NREM sleep. They comprise a spectrum of manifestations of increasing intensity from confusional arousals to sleep terrors to sleepwalking.

Although DOA in childhood are usually harmless, in adulthood they are often...

Keywords/Tags:
disorder of arousal sleepwalking sleep terrors confusional arousals EEG Video-polysomnography Diagnostic Criteria Motor Patterns Slow-wave sleep fragmentation index

Exercise for dysmenorrhoea

Author/s: Armour, M, Ee, CC, Naidoo, D, Ayati, Z, Chalmers, KJ, Steel, KA, de Manincor, MJ, Delshad, E

BACKGROUND:

Exercise has a number of health benefits and has been recommended as a treatment for primary dysmenorrhoea (period pain), but the evidence for its effectiveness on primary dysmenorrhoea is unclear. This review examined the available evidence supporting the use of exercise to...

Keywords/Tags:
exercise menstruation menstrual pain dysmenorrhea cochrane review alternative therapies pelvic pain

Diagnosis and Treatment of Adults with Community-acquired Pneumonia. An Official Clinical Practice Guideline of the American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America

Author/s: Metlay, JP, Waterer, GW, Long, AC, Anzueto, A, Brozek, J, Crothers, K, Cooley, LA, Dean, NC, Fine, MJ, Flanders, SA, Griffin, MR, Metersky, ML, Musher, DM, Restrepo, MI, Whitney, CG

Background: This document provides evidence-based clinical practice guidelines on the management of adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia.

Methods: A multidisciplinary panel conducted pragmatic systematic reviews of the relevant research and...

Keywords/Tags:
community-acquired pneumonia pneumonia patient management community acquired pneumonia

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Diagnosis and Treatment in Children and Adolescents Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 203

Author/s: Kemper, AR, Maslow, GR, Hill, S, Namdari, B, Allen LaPoint, NM, Goode, AP, Coeytaux, RR, Befus, D, Kosinski, AS, Bowen, SE, McBroom, AJ, Lallinger, KR, Sanders, GD

Objectives. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common pediatric neurobehavioral disorder often treated in the primary care setting. This systematic review updates and extends two previous Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) systematic evidence...

Keywords/Tags:
ADHD attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity ADHD treatment children adolescent

Bisphosphonates for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

Author/s: Ensrud, KE, Crandall, CJ

Bisphosphonates are the first-line pharmacologic treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis and the most commonly prescribed medication for this condition.1 Bisphosphonates, classified as antiresorptive agents,...

Keywords/Tags:
post-menopausal osteoporosis bisphosphonates antiresorptive agents

Pharmacologic and Nonpharmacologic Therapies in Adult Patients With Exacerbation of COPD: A Systematic Review

Author/s: Dobler, CC, Morrow, AS, Farah, MH, Beuschel, B, Majzoub, AM, Wilson, ME, Hasan, B, Seisa, MO, Daraz, L, Prokop, LJ, Murad, MH, Wang, Z

Objectives. To synthesize existing knowledge about the effectiveness and harms of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ECOPD).

Data sources. Embase®, Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process...

Keywords/Tags:
copd chronic obstructive pulmonary disease therapy randomized control trial systematic review

Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease

Author/s: Jain, A, Davis, AM

Atherosclerotic CVD remains the leading cause of death for people of most racial/ethnic groups. In 2010, the AHA suggested metrics of ideal cardiovascular health in 7 domains (blood pressure, physical activity, cholesterol, diet, weight, smoking, and blood glucose). There have since been...

Keywords/Tags:
CAD coronary artery disease guidelines American Heart Association American College of Cardiology CVD cardiovascular disease primary prevention

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