Objective: To assess the benefits and harms of lipid-lowering therapies used to prevent or manage cardiovascular disease including bile acid sequestrants (BAS), ezetimibe, fibrates, niacin, omega-3 supplements, proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, and statins.
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Lipid-lowering therapies for cardiovascular disease prevention and management in primary care
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Ankyloglossia (tongue tie) in infants
The lingual frenulum is a tissue fold created by tongue elevation. In ankyloglossia, oral examination may reveal a short, tight frenulum that inserts either toward the tongue tip or onto the mandibular alveolus (the tooth-bearing surface of the lower jaw). Clinicians should evaluate range of...
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Clinical practice guideline for management of osteoporosis and fracture prevention in Canada: 2023 update
Fracture risk increases with advancing age, as a result of declining skeletal strength and increased risk of falling. In Canada, more than 2 million people live with osteoporosis.1 Every year in Canada, about 150 people per 100 000 suffer a hip fracture, which is considered among the most...
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American Cancer Society/American Society of Clinical Oncology Breast Cancer Survivorship Care Guideline
The purpose of the American Cancer Society/American Society of Clinical Oncology Breast Cancer Survivorship Care Guideline is to provide recommendations to assist primary care and other clinicians in the care of female adult survivors of breast cancer. A systematic review of the literature was...
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Tick-borne red meat allergy (α-gal syndrome)
Tick-borne red meat allergy occurs from sensitization to a carbohydrate, galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-gal)
The lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum) is commonly found in the southern United States, but its prevalence in Canada is increasing.1 The tick’s saliva contains a high level of α-...
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Multimodal non-invasive non-pharmacological therapies for chronic pain: mechanisms and progress
Chronic pain conditions impose significant burdens worldwide. Pharmacological treatments like opioids have limitations. Non-invasive non-pharmacological therapies (NINPT) encompass diverse interventions including physical, psychological, complementary and alternative approaches, and other...
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Adverse physiological effects of smoking cessation on the gastrointestinal tract: A review
Smoking cessation is known to have numerous health benefits, but it can also induce adverse physiological effects, including those affecting the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Understanding the adverse physiological effects of smoking cessation on the GIT is critical for healthcare professionals...
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Is acupuncture an effective treatment for temporomandibular disorder?: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Background:
Acupuncture is used for treating various disorders, but its effects on temporomandibular disorder (TMD) remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for TMD via a systematic review of randomized clinical trials.
Methods:
A...
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Ulcerative Colitis in Adults: A Review
Importance: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the colon, with a prevalence exceeding 400 per 100 000 in North America. Individuals with UC have a lower life expectancy and are at increased risk for colectomy and colorectal cancer.
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Topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) provide local analgesia and anti-inflammatory effects with minimal systemic uptake
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit the cyclooxygenase enzyme, reducing inflammation and pain. Compared with oral formulations, topical NSAIDs...
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