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Association of Smoking Cessation and Cardiovascular, Cancer, and Respiratory Mortality

Author/s: Blake Thomson, Farhad Islami

There were an estimated 28 million current cigarette smokers in the US, and approximately twice as many former smokers, in 2021.1 Smoking cessation is associated with large reductions in excess mortality compared with continued smoking,2 but the timescale over which cause-specific mortality...

Keywords/Tags:
tobacco e-cigarettes smoking cessation lifestyle behaviors

Allopurinol Prevents Cirrhosis-Related Complications: A Quadruple Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial

Author/s: Khadija A M Glal, Sahar M El-Haggar, Sherief M Abd-Elsalam, Tarek M Mostafa

Background: Complications associated with liver cirrhosis are various and potentially fatal. The treatment options to counteract hepatic decompensation are limited. Therefore, the study aimed to explore the use of allopurinol in preventing the recurrence of liver cirrhosis-related complications...

Keywords/Tags:
Allopurinol Ascites Cirrhosis Decompensation liver cirrhosis

Amitriptyline at Low-Dose and Titrated for Irritable Bowel Syndrome as Second-Line Treatment in primary care (ATLANTIS): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial

Author/s: Alexander C Ford, Alexandra Wright-Hughes, Sarah L Alderson, Pei-Loo Ow, Matthew J Ridd, Robbie Foy, Gina Bianco, Felicity L Bishop, Matthew Chaddock, Heather Cook, Deborah Cooper, Catherine Fernandez, Elspeth A Guthrie, Suzanne Hartley, Amy Herbert, Daniel Howdon, Delia P Muir, Taposhi Nath, Sonia Newman, Thomas Smith, Christopher A Taylor, Emma J Teasdale, Ruth Thornton, Amanda J Farrin, Hazel A Everitt, ATLANTIS trialists

Background: Most patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are managed in primary care. When first-line therapies for IBS are ineffective, the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guideline suggests considering low- dose tricyclic antidepressants as second-line treatment, but...

Keywords/Tags:
amitriptyline Irritable Bowel Syndrome primary health care antidepressive agents

Buprenorphine Dose and Time to Discontinuation Among Patients With Opioid Use Disorder in the Era of Fentanyl

Author/s: Chambers, Laura C., Hallowell, benjamin D., Zullo, Andrew R.

Question: Are higher doses of buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder associated with improved retention in treatment when use of fentanyl (vs heroin) is more prevalent?

Findings: In this cohort study of 6499 patients initiating buprenorphine treatment between 2016 and 2020,...

Keywords/Tags:
cohort study Opiod use disorder fentanyl

Nirmatrelvir or Molnupiravir Use and Severe Outcomes From Omicron Infections

Author/s: Lin, Dan-Yu, Huang, Shuaiqi, Abi Fadel, Francois

Question: What outcomes are associated with ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir or molnupiravir use for outpatient treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants, particularly BQ.1.1 and XBB.1.5, in high-risk individuals?

Findings: In a cohort study of 68 867 patients who received a diagnosis...

Keywords/Tags:
COVID-19 Ritonavir Molnupiravir COVID-19 variants

Reported Risky Alcohol Use Among US Adults Prescribed 3 Classes of Chronic Alcohol–Interactive Medications

Author/s: Bernstein, Eden Y., Baggett, Travis P., Anderson, timothy S.

Alcohol-interactive medications pose increased risk of adverse events and death when used with alcohol.1 To our knowledge, the most recent study of alcohol use and alcohol-interactive medications included data through 2010.1 Mortality rates from alcohol and such medications have since increased....

Keywords/Tags:
alcohol drug interaction

Catheter ablation and lower risk of incident dementia and mortality in older adults with atrial fibrillation

Author/s: Harrison, Stephanie L., Buckley, Benjamin J.R.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) has consistently been associated with a higher risk of incident dementia. Observational evidence has suggested catheter ablation may be associated with a lower risk of dementia in patients with AF, but further research is needed. The objectives of this study...

Keywords/Tags:
atrial fibrillation catheter ablation Catheters dementia older adults

Bempedoic Acid for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Statin-Intolerant Patients

Author/s: Nissen, S. E., Menon, V., Nicholls, S. J., Brennan, D., Laffin, L., Ridker, P., Ray, K. K., Mason, D., Kastelein, J. J. P., Cho, L., Libby, P., Li, N., Foody, J., Louie, M. J., Lincoff, A. M.

Importance: The effects of bempedoic acid on cardiovascular outcomes in statin-intolerant patients without a prior cardiovascular event (primary prevention) have not been fully described.

Objective: To determine the effects of bempedoic acid on cardiovascular outcomes in primary...

Keywords/Tags:
Cardiovascular Diseases stroke drug therapy bempedoic acid statin-intolerant patients

Comparative Effects of Glucose-Lowering Medications on Kidney Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes The GRADE Randomized Clinical Trial

Author/s: Wexler, D. J., de Boer, I. H., Ghosh, A., Younes, N., Bebu, I., Inzucchi, S. E., McGill, J. B., Mudaliar, S., Schade, D., Steffes, M., Tamborlane, W. V., Tan, M. H., Ismail-Beigi, F., GRADE Research Group

Importance: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the leading cause of kidney disease in the US. It is not known whether glucose-lowering medications differentially affect kidney function.

Objective: To evaluate kidney outcomes in the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative...

Keywords/Tags:
Intention to Treat Analysis Albumins Creatinine diabetes, type 2 kidney function

Postexposure Doxycycline to Prevent Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections

Author/s: Luetkemeyer, A. F., Donnell, D., Dombrowski, J. C., Cohen, S., Grabow, C., Brown, C. E., Malinski, C., Perkins, R., Nasser, M., Lopez, C., Vittinghoff, E., Buchbinder, S. P., Scott, H., Charlebois, E. D., Havlir, D. V., Soge, O. O., Celum, C., DoxyPEP Study Team

Background: Interventions to reduce sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among men who have sex with men (MSM) are needed.

Methods: We conducted an open-label, randomized study involving MSM and transgender women who were taking preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) against human...

Keywords/Tags:
sexually transmitted diseases sexual and gender minorities primary prevention HIV prevention doxycycline

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