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Interventions for Substance Use Disorders in Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 225

Author/s: Steele, CW, Becker, SJ, Danko, KJ, Balk, EM, Saldanha, IJ, Adam, GP, Bagley, SM, Friedman, C, Spirito, A, Scott, K, Ntzani, EE, Saeed, I, Smith, B, Popp, J, Trikalinos, TA

Objectives. This systematic review (SR) synthesizes the literature on behavioral, pharmacologic, and combined interventions for adolescents ages 12 to 20 years with problematic substance use or substance use disorder. We included interventions designed to achieve abstinence,...

Keywords/Tags:
substance use disorder adolescents alcohol use disorder cannabis use motivational interviewing pharmacological interventions

The Unrecognized Prevalence of Primary Aldosteronism

Author/s: Brown, JM, Siddiqui, M, Calhoun, DA, Carey, RM, Hopkins, PN, Williams, GH, Vaidya, A

Background:

Primary aldosteronism is a nonsuppressible renin-independent aldosterone production that causes hypertension and cardiovascular disease.

 

Objective:

To characterize the prevalence of nonsuppressible renin-independent aldosterone production, as well as...

Keywords/Tags:
primary aldosteronism hypertension cardiovascular disease

Using Insulin to Treat Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes in 2020

Author/s: Hirsch, IB, Gaudiani, LM

No abstract available
Keywords/Tags:
type 2 diabetes insulin metformin blood gluclose

Estimating Lifetime Benefits of Comprehensive Disease-Modifying Pharmacological Therapies in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Comparative Analysis of Three Randomised Controlled Trials

Author/s: Vaduganathan, M., Claggett, BL, Jhund, PS, Cunningham, JW, Ferreira, JP, Zannad, F, Packer, M, Fonarow, GC, McMurray, JJV, Solomon, S.D.

Background: Three drug classes (mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists [MRAs], angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors [ARNIs], and sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 [SGLT2] inhibitors) reduce mortality in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)...

Keywords/Tags:
CHF patients heart failure pharmacologic management

Aspirin for Primary Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Prevention as Baseline Risk Increases: A Meta-Regression Analysis

Author/s: Nudy, M, Cooper, J, Ghahramani, M, Ruzieh, M, Mandrola, J, Foy, AJ

Background

Aspirin is often prescribed for the primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) however, recent randomized trials (RCTs) have challenged this practice. Despite this, aspirin is commonly recommended for high risk primary prevention. We tested the...

Keywords/Tags:
aspirin primary prevention Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease myocardial infarction Ischemic Stroke Major Bleeding

Evidenced-Based Pharmacotherapies for Alcohol Use Disorder

Author/s: Fairbanks, J, Umbreit, A, Kolla, BP, Karpyak, VM, Schneekloth, TD, Loukianova, LL, Sinha, S

Pathologic alcohol use affects more than 2 billion people and accounts for nearly 6% of all deaths worldwide. There are three medications approved for the treatment of alcohol use disorder by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA): disulfiram, naltrexone (oral and long-acting injectable), and...

Keywords/Tags:
alcohol use disorder pharmacotherapy disulfiram naltrexone acamprosate anticonvulsants Baclofen

Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Subsequent Academic Performance Among U.S. Youth

Author/s: Choi, K., Chen-Sankey, J.C., Merianos, A.L., McGruder,C., Yerger, V.

Abstract

Introduction: Previous research shows the associations between secondhand smoke exposure and health consequences among youth, but less is known about its effect on academic performance. This study examines a dose-response relationship between secondhand smoke...

Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Subsequent Academic Performance Among U.S. Youth

Author/s: Choi, K., Chen-Sankey, J.C., Merianos, A.L., McGruder,C., Yerger, V.

Abstract

Introduction: Previous research shows the associations between secondhand smoke exposure and health consequences among youth, but less is known about its effect on academic performance. This study examines a dose-response relationship between secondhand smoke...

Clinical Practice Guideline: Ménière's Disease Executive Summary

Author/s: Basura, GJ, Adams, ME, Monfared, A, Schwartz, SR, Antonelli, PJ, Burkard, R, Bush, ML, Bykowski, J, Colandrea, M, Derebery, J, Kelly, EA, Kerber, KA, Koopman, CF, Kuch, AA, Marcolini, E, McKinnon, BJ, Ruckenstein, MJ, Valenzuela, CV, Vosooney,A, Walsh, SA, Nnacheta, LC, Dhepyasuwan, N, Buchanan, EM

OBJECTIVE:

Ménière's disease (MD) is a clinical condition defined by spontaneous vertigo attacks (each lasting 20 minutes to 12 hours) with documented low- to midfrequency sensorineural hearing loss in the affected ear before, during, or after one of the episodes of vertigo. It also...

Keywords/Tags:
Meniett device electrocochleography endolymphatic hydrops endolymphatic sac decompression fluctuating aural symptoms gentamicin labyrinthectomy sensorineural hearing loss sodium-restricted diet vestibular testing

Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data

Author/s: Martineau, AR, Jolliffe, DA, Hooper, RL, Greenberg, L, Aloia, JF, Bergman, P, Dubnov-Raz, G, Esposito, S, Ganmaa, D, Ginde, AA, Goodall, EC, Grant, CC, Griffiths, CJ, Janssens, W, Laaksi, I, Manaseki-Holland S, Mauger D, Murdoch DR, Neale R, Rees JR, Simpson S Jr, Stelmach, I, Kumar, GT, Urashima, M", CA Jr

Objectives To assess the overall effect of vitamin D supplementation on risk of acute respiratory tract infection, and to identify factors modifying this effect.

Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data (IPD) from...

Keywords/Tags:
vitamin D respiratory tract infections dietary supplements

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