Oral contraceptives are pills that prevent pregnancy. Most oral contraceptive pills contain 2 hormones—estrogen and progestin—that are naturally present in the bodies of individuals who are capable of becoming pregnant. Progestin-only oral contraceptive pills can be used by individuals who...
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Apolipoprotein B in cardiovascular risk assessment
Apolipoprotein (apo) B measurement is a recommended alternative to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)
The 2021 Canadian Cardiovascular Society guideline on dyslipidemia recommends that physicians may use levels of either non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) or apo B...
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Catheter ablation and lower risk of incident dementia and mortality in older adults with atrial fibrillation
Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) has consistently been associated with a higher risk of incident dementia. Observational evidence has suggested catheter ablation may be associated with a lower risk of dementia in patients with AF, but further research is needed. The objectives of this study...
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Apolipoprotein B in cardiovascular risk assessment
Apolipoprotein (apo) B measurement is a recommended alternative to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)
The 2021 Canadian Cardiovascular Society guideline on dyslipidemia recommends that physicians may use levels of either non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) or apo B...
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Hormone therapy for sexual function in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women
We included 36 studies (23,299 women; 12,225 intervention group; 11,074 control group), of which 35 evaluated postmenopausal women; only one study evaluated perimenopausal women. The 'symptomatic or early postmenopausal women' subgroup included 10 studies, which included women experiencing...
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Reduce unnecessary routine vitamin D testing
Laura is a 40-year-old engineer of eastern European ancestry who presents to your office to request testing of her vitamin D levels. She generally wears sunscreen in the summer and wears sun-protective clothing year round. She is fairly healthy, eating a balanced diet high in fresh fruits and...
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Approach to nail trauma for primary care physicians
Objective: To provide an overview and approach to common nail bed injuries seen by primary care practitioners.
Sources of information: An Ovid MEDLINE literature search was performed using search terms and studies were graded based on level of evidence.
Main message: Nail trauma is...
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Stress urinary incontinence and synthetic mesh midurethral slings in women
Stress urinary incontinence has a prevalence of 10%–40% and is considered severe in 3%–17% of women worldwide.1 Diagnosis involves demonstrating involuntary urine leakage with increases in intra-abdominal pressure (e.g., exercising, coughing). On history, it is important to differentiate this...
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Perioperative Management of Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet Therapy
The management of patients who are receiving an anticoagulant or antiplatelet drug and require surgery or an invasive procedure is a common clinical problem encountered by a broad spectrum of health care professionals. This review provides an evidence-based but practical approach to common...
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Oral Nonprescription Pain Medications for Adults
Some prescription pain medications prescribed by doctors also include a nonprescription pain medication. Therefore, to avoid taking more than the recommended amount of acetaminophen or an NSAID, it is important to tell your doctor if you are taking over-the-counter pain medications in addition...
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