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Association of Smoking Cessation and Cardiovascular, Cancer, and Respiratory Mortality

Author/s: Blake Thomson, Farhad Islami

There were an estimated 28 million current cigarette smokers in the US, and approximately twice as many former smokers, in 2021.1 Smoking cessation is associated with large reductions in excess mortality compared with continued smoking,2 but the timescale over which cause-specific mortality...

Keywords/Tags:
tobacco e-cigarettes smoking cessation lifestyle behaviors

Adenotonsillectomy for Snoring and Mild Sleep Apnea in Children

Author/s: Susan Redline, Kaitlyn Cook, Ronald D. Chervin

Question: Among children who snore without frequent obstructive events, does early adenotonsillectomy compared with watchful waiting with supportive care improve neurodevelopment, behavior, or other symptoms at 12-month follow-up?

Findings: In this randomized clinical trial of 458...

Keywords/Tags:
children sleep apnea snoring surgery

Postpartum Depression-New Screening Recommendations and Treatments

Author/s: Tiffany A Moore Simas, Anna Whelan, Nancy Byatt

Perinatal mental health conditions are those that occur during pregnancy and the year following childbirth, whether onset of the condition(s) predates pregnancy or occurs in the perinatal period. Perinatal mental health conditions are the leading cause of overall and preventable maternal...

Keywords/Tags:
Depressive Disorders Pregnancy Obstetrics and Gynecology Women's Health Postpartum Depression

Allopurinol Prevents Cirrhosis-Related Complications: A Quadruple Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial

Author/s: Khadija A M Glal, Sahar M El-Haggar, Sherief M Abd-Elsalam, Tarek M Mostafa

Background: Complications associated with liver cirrhosis are various and potentially fatal. The treatment options to counteract hepatic decompensation are limited. Therefore, the study aimed to explore the use of allopurinol in preventing the recurrence of liver cirrhosis-related complications...

Keywords/Tags:
Allopurinol Ascites Cirrhosis Decompensation liver cirrhosis

2023 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations: Summary From the Basic Life Support; Advanced Life Support; Pediatric Life Support; Neonatal Life Support; Education, I

Author/s: Janet E. Bray, Kee-Chong Ng, Helen G. Liley, Robert Greif, Jestin N. Carlson, Peter T. Morley, an R. Drennan, Michael Smyth, Barnaby R. Scholefield, Gary M. Weiner, Adam Cheng, Therese Djärv, Cristian Abelairas-Gómez, Jason Acworth, Lars W. Andersen, Dianne L. Atkins, David C. Berry, Farhan Bhanji, Joost Bierens, Thomaz Bittencourt Couto, Vere Borra, Bernd W. Böttiger, Richard N. Bradley, Jan Breckwoldt, Pascal Cassan, Wei-Tien Chang, Nathan P. Charlton, Sung Phil Chung, Julie Considine, Daniela T. Costa-Nobre, Keith Couper, Katie N. Dainty, Vihara Dassanayake, Peter G. Davis, Jennifer A. Dawson, Maria Fernanda de Almeida, Allan R. De Caen, Charles D. Deakin, Bridget Dicker, Matthew J. Douma, Kathryn Eastwood, Walid El-Naggar, Jorge G. Fabres, Joe Fawke, ino Fijacko, Judith C. Finn, Gustavo E. Flores, Elizabeth E. Foglia, Fredrik Folke, Elaine Gilfoyle, Craig A. Goolsby, Asger Granfeldt, Anne-Marie Guerguerian, Ruth Guinsburg, Tetsuo Hatanaka, Karen G. Hirsch, Mathias J. Holmberg, et al.

The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation engages in a continuous review of new, peer-reviewed, published cardiopulmonary resuscitation and first aid science. Draft Consensus on Science With Treatment Recommendations are posted online throughout the year, and this annual...

Keywords/Tags:
first aid heart failure neonates

Referred otalgia: Common causes and evidence-based strategies for assessment and management

Author/s: Fatemeh Ramazani, Charmaine Szalay-Anderson, Arthur Volpato Batista, Phillip Park, Euna Hwang, Justin Chau, Justin Lui

Objective: To provide family physicians and general otolaryngologists with a practical, evidence-based, and comprehensive approach to the management of patients presenting with suspected referred otalgia.

Sources of information: The approach described is a review based on the authors'...

Keywords/Tags:
ear earache sinusitis otalgia family medicine

I Am Worried I Have Sciatica-What Do I Need to Know?

Author/s: Grace Y Zhang, Michael A Incze

This JAMA Internal Medicine Patient Page reviews sciatica, its symptoms, and treatment options for those who have it.

Sciatica is a type of pain that is caused by irritation of the sciatic nerve. This nerve travels from the low back down the legs. Sciatica most commonly happens when a...

Keywords/Tags:
Sciatica physical therapy pain management back pain numbness

Amitriptyline at Low-Dose and Titrated for Irritable Bowel Syndrome as Second-Line Treatment in primary care (ATLANTIS): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial

Author/s: Alexander C Ford, Alexandra Wright-Hughes, Sarah L Alderson, Pei-Loo Ow, Matthew J Ridd, Robbie Foy, Gina Bianco, Felicity L Bishop, Matthew Chaddock, Heather Cook, Deborah Cooper, Catherine Fernandez, Elspeth A Guthrie, Suzanne Hartley, Amy Herbert, Daniel Howdon, Delia P Muir, Taposhi Nath, Sonia Newman, Thomas Smith, Christopher A Taylor, Emma J Teasdale, Ruth Thornton, Amanda J Farrin, Hazel A Everitt, ATLANTIS trialists

Background: Most patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are managed in primary care. When first-line therapies for IBS are ineffective, the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guideline suggests considering low- dose tricyclic antidepressants as second-line treatment, but...

Keywords/Tags:
amitriptyline Irritable Bowel Syndrome primary health care antidepressive agents

Topical Nonprescription Pain Medications for Adults

Author/s: Sarah E. Vordenberg

This JAMA Patient Page describes the types of topical nonprescription pain medications and tips for using them.

Topical nonprescription pain medications are over-the-counter drugs applied to the skin to treat pain.

Topical pain medications can effectively treat pain caused by...

Keywords/Tags:
clinical pharmacy and pharmacology pain management Emergency Care orthopedics rheumatology

What Parents Should Know About Gun Safety in the Home and Vehicle

Author/s: Rebecca J. Palmer, Leila H. DeWitt, Lindsay A. Thompson

This Patient Page describes safety measures parents can take to protect children from gun violence.

Guns are now the leading cause of death for children in the US.

Guns are even more lethal than motor vehicle crashes. The reasons for this gun violence increase in children are...

Keywords/Tags:
gun ownership gun safety children children's health Firearms pediatrics

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